Question 1

The stress endured by a person whose relationship is ended by death or divorce can produce

Accepted Answer

The stress endured from the end of a relationship by death or divorce can result in both immunosuppression and depression. Immunosuppression occurs due to the negative impact of stress on the immune system, leaving a person more vulnerable to illness. Meanwhile, depression can occur due to the loss of a loved one and the resulting feelings of grief and loneliness. Therefore, option E, which includes both A and C, is the best choice. The other options are incorrect, as decreased blood pressure and mania are not commonly associated with the stress of an ended relationship.

Question 2

After Cecilia's husband died, she has been feeling very depressed. Her depression is likely caused by

Accepted Answer

The answer of After Cecilia's husband died, she has been...

Question 3

The ________ is characterized by a pattern of intense, angry, competitive, or hostile behavior.

Accepted Answer

The Type A personality is characterized by a pattern of intense, angry, competitive, or hostile behavior. This includes being highly focused on achieving goals, being easily frustrated, and having a sense of urgency about everything. Type A personalities have been associated with higher levels of stress and a greater risk for heart disease.

Question 4

The "tend-and-befriend" model was proposed by ________ to account for ________.

Accepted Answer

The "tend-and-befriend" model was proposed by Shelly Taylor to account for female behavior.

Question 5

Octavious is under a lot of stress. He is always tired and feels overwhelmed by his work load. Which phase of the general adaptation syndrome is he most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Octavious is most likely in the exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome. This is characterized by feeling overwhelmed, exhausted and burnt out after prolonged exposure to stressors. The alarm phase is the initial response to stress, while the resistance phase is the body's attempt to adapt and cope with the stress. The persistence phase and burnout phase are not recognized stages of the general adaptation syndrome.

Question 6

Which of the following statements best encapsulates the relationship between stress and physical illness according to psycho-neuroimmunologists?

Accepted Answer

Psycho-neuroimmunologists believe that stress compromises the body's immune system by releasing stress hormones, which can negatively affect the immune system's ability to fight off illness. This makes a person more vulnerable to physical illness.

Question 7

Prolonged stress has been shown to ________ cancer.

Accepted Answer

Prolonged stress has been shown to increase vulnerability to cancer. Studies have linked chronic stress to harmful changes in the body such as inflammation, weakened immunity, and altered gene expression, which can promote the development and progression of cancer.

Question 8

The field of ________ would be interested in the effects of psychological factors such as stress, emotions, thinking, and behavior on the immune system.

Accepted Answer

Psycho-neuroimmunology is the field that studies the interactions between psychological processes, the nervous system, and the immune system. It evaluates the effects of behavior, stress, emotions, and thoughts on the immune system.

Question 9

People living under stressful conditions tend to get sick more often than they would otherwise. How do researchers in psychoneuroimmunology explain this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Psychoneuroimmunology researchers explain that the stress response triggers the release of stress hormones, such as cortisol, which can suppress immune system functioning, making the body more vulnerable to diseases.

Question 10

________ is the study of how mental processes influence the immune system.

Accepted Answer

The study of how mental processes (psycho) influence the nervous system (neuro) and immune system (immunology) is known as psycho-neuroimmunology (PNI). PNI examines the complex interactions between psychological processes and the immune system, including the influence of emotions, stress, and social support on immune functioning.

Question 11

In which stage of the general adaptation syndrome has the body reached the limits of its ability to adapt to stress, which may result in the development of stress-related diseases?

Accepted Answer

The exhaustion stage is the third and final stage of the general adaptation syndrome. During this stage, the body has reached the limits of its ability to adapt to stress. If stress persists, it can result in the development of stress-related diseases such as heart disease or mental health disorders. Therefore, C is the best choice.

Question 12

A person who is impatient, competitive, aggressive, and hostile is said to be exhibiting a ________ personality.

Accepted Answer

The Type A personality is characterized by impatience, competitiveness, aggression, and hostility. Type S, Type B, and Type C personalities have different traits and characteristics, and Type Delta is not a widely recognized personality type.

Question 13

For the past six months, Dahlia's job has been extremely stressful, but she doesn't feel that she can quit because she needs the money for tuition. Dahlia has been having chronic headaches and is behind in all of her classes. According to Hans Selye, Dahlia is in the ________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

Accepted Answer

The exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome occurs after prolonged exposure to stress, during which the body's resources become depleted, leading to physical and emotional exhaustion. Symptoms can include fatigue, depression, anxiety, and physical illnesses such as headaches or ulcers. Dahlia's chronic headaches and falling behind in classes suggest she is experiencing exhaustion.

Question 14

Several processes may contribute to the physical and mental deterioration seen in the exhaustion phase EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Risk of stroke is not a direct process contributing to the exhaustion phase; it is more of a potential consequence of prolonged stress rather than a contributing factor to the exhaustion phase itself.

Question 15

A person who has been battling cancer and is now in the stage of resistance should be aware that

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person who has been battling cancer...

Question 16

________ is a hormone produced by the body in response to a stressor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is a hormone produced by the...

Question 17

The "straw that broke the camel's back" is most likely to occur during the

Accepted Answer

The answer of The "straw that broke the camel's back"...

Question 18

________ is a steroid produced by the fight-or-flight response.

Accepted Answer

Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands in response to stress or low blood glucose levels, commonly referred to as the fight-or-flight response. It increases glucose levels in the bloodstream to provide energy to the body in stressful situations. Testosterone, progesterone, and estrogen are sex hormones, while oxytocin is a hormone involved in social bonding and reproduction.

Question 19

According to Selye, some people may develop illnesses such as coronary heart disease or stroke during the ________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

Accepted Answer

During the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome, the body's resources are depleted as it tries to cope with ongoing stress. This can lead to increased risk for illnesses such as coronary heart disease or stroke.

Question 20

________ refers to the diminished effectiveness of the immune response.

Accepted Answer

Immunossupression is the specific term used to describe the phenomenon of diminished effectiveness of the immune response.

Quiz 14: From Stress to Health and Well-Being