Question 1

Tang and colleagues found that sudden gains in therapy are

Accepted Answer

Tang and colleagues found that sudden gains in therapy involve a significant reduction in symptoms.

Question 2

Psychological reactance is the tendency to react

Accepted Answer

Psychological reactance refers to the response of individuals to perceived threats to their freedom. As a result, individuals tend to react against attempts to directly influence their behavior, leading to an increase in resistance or opposition to change. Therefore, option A is the correct choice.

Question 3

Research that examines what happens within and across psychotherapy sessions is known as:

Accepted Answer

Process research focuses on understanding what happens within and between psychotherapy sessions, including factors such as the therapeutic relationship, client characteristics, and therapist interventions. This is different from effectiveness, outcome, or efficacy research, which focus on measuring the effectiveness of psychotherapy in achieving specific outcomes or goals.

Question 4

A therapist's interpretations are most successful with clients who have

Accepted Answer

Therapists' interpretations are most successful with clients who have good interpersonal skills because they are better able to understand and reflect on the therapist's insights and feedback. Clients with poor interpersonal skills may struggle to understand the therapist's perspective and may feel overwhelmed or defensive when faced with difficult emotions or insights. Good self-examination skills can also be helpful, but they are not as crucial as good interpersonal skills for successful interpretation in therapy.

Question 5

With a large body of research,we now have a _______________ understanding of how client variables affect treatment outcome.

Accepted Answer

The answer of With a large body of research,we now...

Question 6

Socioeconomic status of the client variable can influence treatment outcome because ____________socioeconomic status is related to a greater likelihood of _______________.

Accepted Answer

Higher socioeconomic status is related to a greater likelihood of staying in treatment, often due to better access to resources, ability to afford treatment, and possibly more flexible schedules.

Question 7

Psychological ___________ is the tendency to react against attempts to directly influence one's behaviour.

Accepted Answer

Reactance is the psychological phenomenon where individuals feel compelled to resist attempts to restrict or control their behavior. It arises when there is a perceived threat to personal freedom, and the individual responds by doing the opposite of what is being asked or imposed upon them.

Question 8

Which of the following client variables has been found to influence treatment outcome?

Accepted Answer

Socioeconomic status has been found to influence treatment outcomes, as it can affect access to resources, support systems, and overall stress levels, which in turn can impact the effectiveness of treatment.

Question 9

One of the difficulties in identifying how client variables influence treatment outcome is that

Accepted Answer

The difficulty in identifying how client variables influence treatment outcome is that it is difficult to detect patterns across studies that use different types of measures. While some studies have examined this issue, it is challenging to synthesize their results due to the heterogeneity of the measures used. As such, it is hard to draw robust conclusions about how client variables affect treatment outcomes.

Question 10

Which of the following therapist variables influences treatment outcome?

Accepted Answer

Emotional well-being of the therapist can influence treatment outcome as therapists who experience burnout, compassion fatigue or high levels of stress may have difficulties providing effective treatment.

Question 11

Early treatment gains for individuals in treatment for major depressive disorders have been shown in individuals receiving

Accepted Answer

Early treatment gains have been observed in individuals receiving cognitive therapy, placebo medication, and short-term psychodynamic therapy, indicating that various approaches can initially be beneficial for treating major depressive disorders.

Question 12

___________ research addresses the question of which intervention is more efficacious,whereas ___________ research ask about how an intervention works.

Accepted Answer

Treatment-outcome research focuses on determining the efficacy of interventions, while process and process-outcome research explore the mechanisms and processes through which interventions work.

Question 13

To be effective in delivering psychological services,the psychologist must have

Accepted Answer

Knowledge and technical skills are essential for delivering effective psychological services. Interpersonal sensitivity is important for understanding and relating to clients, while tolerance for distress is important for managing the emotional challenges that may arise in the course of therapy. The other options include problematic elements such as prioritizing quantity of clients over quality of care or putting others first at all costs, which can be detrimental to the effectiveness of the psychologist's work.

Question 14

Starting in the 1950s and 1960s,the development of process-outcome research was influenced by the use of ____________________ as sources of data.

Accepted Answer

The use of recordings of psychotherapy sessions and standardized measures for clients' and therapists' experience of the treatment process influenced the development of process-outcome research in the 1950s and 1960s. This approach allowed for systematic analysis of the therapeutic process and its impact on the client's outcomes.

Question 15

Focusing on enhancing patient self-awareness and understanding of their problems works best for patients who ________,whereas patients who ________ respond best to a focus on symptom alleviation.

Accepted Answer

Patients who have an internalizing style tend to focus on their thoughts and emotions and benefit more from self-awareness and understanding of their problems. Conversely, those with an externalizing style tend to focus on their behaviors and respond best to symptom alleviation.

Question 16

Research that examines the elements of psychotherapy (such as the alliance between therapist and patient)and how these elements are related to the impact of treatment is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Process-outcome research specifically looks at how the elements or processes of psychotherapy (such as the therapist-patient alliance) are related to the outcomes or impact of treatment. Efficacy research looks at how well a treatment works in controlled research settings, while effectiveness research examines how well a treatment works in real-world clinical settings. Process research is a more general term that refers to any research that investigates the therapeutic process, not necessarily related to outcomes.

Question 17

Tang and colleagues demonstrated that if a patient makes sudden gains in therapy,it typically occurs

Accepted Answer

Tang and colleagues found that sudden gains in therapy typically occur relatively early in therapy, around sessions 4 through 6.

Question 18

In terms of psychological reactance,low-reactant clients usually experience greater therapeutic gains in ____ directive treatment,and high-reactant clients usually experience greater therapeutic gains in ____ directive treatment.

Accepted Answer

Low-reactant clients typically respond better to more directive treatments because they are less likely to resist guidance and direction from a therapist. High-reactant clients, on the other hand, tend to benefit more from less directive treatments, as they are more likely to resist perceived attempts to control or direct them, making a less directive approach more effective.

Question 19

Research indicates that differences in therapist effectiveness are most apparent when treating patients

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that differences in therapist effectiveness are most apparent when treating patients with high levels of problem severity. This may be because more severe problems may require more specialized treatment approaches and skills, which some therapists may possess more than others.

Question 20

Research conducted by Lafferty,Beutler,and Crago (1989)found that patients under the care of effective therapists

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research conducted by Lafferty,Beutler,and Crago (1989)found that...

Quiz 14: Intervention: Identifying Key Elements of Change