The direct effects model of media effects presumes that messages have a direct and predictable effect on audience members exposed to the message.

Question

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The direct effects model assumes that messages have a direct and predictable effect on audiences. This theory suggests that audience members will respond to media messages in a uniform and predictable way, regardless of their individual traits or social backgrounds. However, this model has been widely criticized for oversimplifying the complex factors that shape how viewers interpret and respond to media content.

The Direct Effects Model of Media Effects Presumes That Messages