Question 1

Which gland is associated with "sugar,salt,and sex"?
A)Adrenal cortex
B)Pancreas
C)Parathyroid gland
D)Neurohypophysis

Accepted Answer

The adrenal cortex is responsible for producing hormones such as cortisol, which regulates metabolism and blood sugar levels, and aldosterone, which regulates salt balance in the body. The adrenal cortex also produces androgens, which are responsible for sex drive and development. Hence, it is associated with "sugar, salt, and sex".

Question 2

T₃,T₄,and calcitonin are
A)secreted by the thyroid gland.
B)secreted by the parathyroid glands.
C)secreted in response to declining plasma levels of calcium.
D)steroids.

Accepted Answer

T₃ (Triiodothyronine), T₄ (Thyroxine), and calcitonin are all hormones secreted by the thyroid gland.

Therefore, the correct answer is:

Answer: A 
 T₃ (Triiodothyronine), T₄ (Thyroxine), and calcitonin are all hormones secreted by the thyroid gland.

Question 3

Which of the following is least associated with the adrenal medulla?
A)Catecholamines
B)Epinephrine and norepinephrine
C)Fight-or-flight response
D)Sugar,salt,and sex

Accepted Answer

While the adrenal medulla is responsible for secreting catecholamines (such as epinephrine and norepinephrine) in response to the fight-or-flight response, it is not associated with regulating sugar, salt, or sex. The hormones responsible for these functions are produced by other endocrine glands such as the pancreas, kidneys, and gonads.

Question 4

Steroids
A)are secreted by the adrenal medulla.
B)include the glucocorticoids,mineralocorticoids,and androgens.
C)stimulate the membranes of the target cells to produce the second chemical messenger,cAMP.
D)are secreted by the pancreas.

Accepted Answer

Steroids include the glucocorticoids (such as cortisol), mineralocorticoids (such as aldosterone), and androgens (such as testosterone). They are not secreted by the adrenal medulla or pancreas, and they do not stimulate the production of cAMP.

Question 5

The islets of Langerhans
A)are cells found in the adenohypophysis.
B)secrete insulin and glucagon.
C)secrete steroids.
D)secrete releasing hormones.

Accepted Answer

The islets of Langerhans are clusters of cells in the pancreas that secrete hormones, including insulin and glucagon, which help regulate blood glucose levels. They do not secrete steroids or releasing hormones, and they are not found in the adenohypophysis.

Question 6

Insulin and glucagon
A)are secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans.
B)elevate blood glucose levels.
C)are secreted in response to declining plasma levels of glucose.
D)are secreted by the pancreas to regulate blood glucose.

Accepted Answer

Insulin and glucagon are both hormones secreted by the pancreas to regulate blood glucose levels. Insulin is secreted by beta cells when blood glucose levels are high, promoting glucose uptake into cells and lowering blood glucose levels. Glucagon is secreted by alpha cells when blood glucose levels are low, promoting glycogen breakdown and glucose release into the bloodstream, raising blood glucose levels.

Question 7

The adenohypophysis
A)secretes ADH and oxytocin.
B)refers to the anterior pituitary gland.
C)secretes releasing hormones.
D)secretes glucocorticoids,mineralocorticoids,and androgens.

Accepted Answer

The adenohypophysis refers to the anterior pituitary gland.

Question 8

What is the stimulus for the release of insulin?
A)Low plasma levels of calcium
B)High plasma levels of potassium
C)High plasma levels of glucose
D)Low blood volume

Accepted Answer

High plasma levels of glucose stimulate the release of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin helps to regulate blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy or storage.

Question 9

"Sugar,salt,and sex" is descriptive of
A)ACTH,TSH,and somatotropic hormone.
B)cortisol,aldosterone,and testosterone.
C)epinephrine,norepinephrine,and estrogen.
D)insulin,glucagon,and cortisol.

Accepted Answer

The hormones mentioned in option B (cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone) are all involved in the regulation of salt balance, sugar metabolism, and sex hormone production. Cortisol regulates glucose metabolism, aldosterone regulates salt and water balance, and testosterone regulates sexual characteristics and reproduction. Therefore, "sugar, salt, and sex" is descriptive of these hormones.

Question 10

Catecholamines
A)include cortisol,aldosterone,and testosterone.
B)are secreted by the adrenal cortex.
C)lower plasma glucose levels.
D)include epinephrine (adrenalin) and norepinephrine.

Accepted Answer

Catecholamines include epinephrine (adrenalin) and norepinephrine, which are secreted by the adrenal medulla and act as hormones and neurotransmitters. They increase plasma glucose levels, among other effects. Cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone are not catecholamines.

Question 11

Which gland secretes TSH,ACTH,and growth hormone?
A)Neurohypophysis
B)Pancreas
C)Adrenal medulla
D)Anterior pituitary gland

Accepted Answer

The anterior pituitary gland secretes TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), and growth hormone.

Question 12

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin
A)are secreted by the neurohypophysis.
B)are mineralocorticoids.
C)are secreted by the islets of Langerhans.
D)stimulate the kidney to excrete Na+ and water.

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin are both peptides secreted by the neurohypophysis, which is the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Question 13

The adrenal cortex
A)is the target gland of ACTH.
B)secretes catecholamines.
C)is an extension of the sympathetic nervous system.
D)secretes ADH and oxytocin.

Accepted Answer

The adrenal cortex is the target gland of ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), which is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.

Question 14

The adrenal medulla
A)is controlled primarily by ACTH.
B)secretes steroids.
C)is associated with the fight-or-flight response.
D)secretes iodine-containing hormones.

Accepted Answer

The adrenal medulla is associated with the fight-or-flight response, which is a physiological response to stress or danger. It secretes hormones such as adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine), which help prepare the body for the fight-or-flight response.

Question 15

Portal capillaries carry releasing hormones from the brain to the
A)neurohypophysis.
B)pancreas.
C)anterior pituitary gland.
D)posterior pituitary gland.

Accepted Answer

Portal capillaries carry releasing hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland, where they stimulate the release of specific hormones that regulate various bodily functions. The other options (neurohypophysis, pancreas, and posterior pituitary gland) are not directly involved in the regulation of hormone release via the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.

Question 16

Enlargement of the thyroid gland
A)is called a goiter.
B)causes Addisonian crisis.
C)makes a person appear cushingoid.
D)causes hypocalcemic tetany.

Accepted Answer

Enlargement of the thyroid gland is called a goiter.

Question 17

Insulin,cortisol,thyroxine,and oxytocin
A)are hypothalamic-releasing hormones.
B)are secreted by the adenohypophysis.
C)increase blood glucose levels.
D)are hormones.

Accepted Answer

Insulin, cortisol, thyroxine, and oxytocin are all hormones. They are not hypothalamic-releasing hormones, which stimulate the release of other hormones from the anterior pituitary gland. Nor are they all secreted by the adenohypophysis; oxytocin is actually secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. While cortisol increases blood glucose levels, insulin and thyroxine decrease them.

Question 18

Which of the following is least descriptive of the hypothalamus?
A)Secretes releasing hormones
B)Controls the secretion of the anterior pituitary gland
C)Secretes ACTH,TSH,and gonadotropins
D)Synthesizes oxytocin and ADH

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus does secrete releasing hormones that control the secretion of the anterior pituitary gland, synthesizes oxytocin and ADH, but it does not secrete ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropins. Rather, it controls the secretion of these hormones from the anterior pituitary gland through the release of factors such as corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).

Question 19

Which of the following is the response to low plasma levels of calcium?
A)Secretion of calcitonin
B)Secretion of the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans
C)Inhibition of the adenohypophyseal release of ACTH
D)Secretion of PTH

Accepted Answer

Low plasma levels of calcium stimulate the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) from the parathyroid gland. PTH acts to increase the release of calcium from bone, increase the reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys, and stimulate the conversion of vitamin D to its active form, which increases intestinal absorption of calcium. This helps to raise plasma calcium levels back to normal. Secretion of calcitonin from the thyroid gland, inhibition of ACTH release, and secretion of the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas are not involved in the response to low plasma levels of calcium.

Question 20

Iodine-containing hormones
A)include thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
B)are secreted by the hypothalamus as releasing hormones.
C)are steroids.
D)regulate the metabolic rate.

Accepted Answer

Iodine-containing hormones, specifically thyroid hormones, regulate the metabolic rate. TSH is not an iodine-containing hormone, as it is a peptide hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones. Releasing hormones are not iodine-containing hormones either, as they are typically peptide hormones that stimulate the release of other hormones. Iodine-containing hormones, such as thyroid hormones, are not steroids.

Quiz 14: Endocrine System

Which gland is associated with "sugar,salt,and sex"?

T₃,T₄,and calcitonin are

Which of the following is least associated with the adrenal medulla?

Steroids

The islets of Langerhans

Insulin and glucagon

The adenohypophysis

What is the stimulus for the release of insulin?

"Sugar,salt,and sex" is descriptive of

Catecholamines

Which gland secretes TSH,ACTH,and growth hormone?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin

The adrenal cortex

The adrenal medulla

Portal capillaries carry releasing hormones from the brain to the

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

Insulin,cortisol,thyroxine,and oxytocin

Which of the following is least descriptive of the hypothalamus?

Which of the following is the response to low plasma levels of calcium?

Iodine-containing hormones