Question 1

Which is the basis for imitative behaviour?
A) Copycatting
B) Starstruck imagining
C) Hero-worshipping
D) Role modelling
E) Parental influence

Accepted Answer

Role modelling is the basis for imitative behaviour. This refers to the tendency of individuals, particularly children, to imitate the actions or behaviours of those around them who they perceive as role models. Role models can take on many forms, including parents, peers, teachers, celebrities, and fictional characters.

Question 2

The movie cowboy who wears a black hat because he is the bad guy is an example of
A) colour coding.
B) passive violence.
C) discrimination.
D) stereotyping.
E) socialization.

Accepted Answer

The movie cowboy who wears a black hat because he is the bad guy is an example of stereotyping, which is the oversimplified and generalized belief about a particular group or characteristic. It is assuming that all bad guys will have a specific physical appearance such as the black hat.

Question 3

Which is not an element of Harold Lasswell's model of mass communication?
A) Who
B) Which channel
C) To whom
D) With what effect
E) Where

Accepted Answer

Where is not an element of Harold Lasswell's model of mass communication. The elements are Who, Which channel, To whom, and With what effect.

Question 4

Which term describes the breaking down of barriers between parents and children?
A) Intergenerational eavesdropping
B) Old-young cooperation
C) Generational symmetry
D) Parent-child bonding
E) Multi-generationality

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which term describes the breaking down of...

Question 5

Paul Lazarsfeld found that voters were more influenced by
A) newspapers.
B) radio.
C) television.
D) other people.
E) politicians.

Accepted Answer

Paul Lazarsfeld's research found that voters were more influenced by other people, specifically those in their immediate social networks such as family, friends, and coworkers. This is known as the two-step flow of communication, where information is first received by opinion leaders who then disseminate it to their peers. While newspapers, radio, and television were found to be important sources of information, their influence was mediated by the opinions and attitudes of individuals within a person's social network.

Question 6

Being very well informed without actually being involved is symptomatic of
A) narcoticizing dysfunction.
B) a cumulative effect.
C) status conferral.
D) two-step flow.
E) a minimalist effect.

Accepted Answer

Narcoticizing dysfunction is when people become so inundated with information that they become apathetic and don't take action, despite being well-informed. In this case, the individual is not involved, which may contribute to their lack of action or engagement.

Answer: D 
 Two-step flow is a communication theory that suggests that most people form their opinions based on what they hear from opinion leaders or credible sources (the first step), rather than directly from the media (the second step). In this case, the individual may be well-informed due to the influence of opinion leaders, but they themselves are not actively involved.

Question 7

Opinion leaders are key in
A) two-step flow theory.
B) narcotiiczing dysfunction.
C) self-induced passivity.
D) cathartic theory.
E) powerful effects theory.

Accepted Answer

The two-step flow theory posits that information flows from mass media to opinion leaders, who then disseminate the information to the rest of the population. Opinion leaders are therefore key in this theory.

Question 8

Which term refers to the vocal majority intimidating others into silence?
A) Vocalization
B) Silent intimidation
C) Spiral of silence
D) Web of deception
E) Narcoticizing dysfunction

Accepted Answer

The term "spiral of silence" refers to the phenomenon where the vocal majority (those who feel their opinions align with the majority) intimidate others into silence to the point where individuals may withhold expressing their true opinions or beliefs.

Question 9

When media decide to cover certain issues and people,the media are engaging in
A) agenda setting.
B) the hypodermic needle model.
C) two-step flow.
D) status conferral.
E) the magic bullet model.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When media decide to cover certain issues...

Question 10

The notion that the media lull people into passivity is called
A) the nonactivity notion.
B) narcoticizing dysfunction.
C) the disinterest disorder.
D) the passivity premise.
E) the withdrawal phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

Narcoticizing dysfunction refers to the idea that the media inundate people with so much information that they become passive and fail to take action, even when they are concerned about an issue.

Question 11

Which was the first generation of media effects theories?
A) Minimalist
B) Two-step flow
C) Multistep flow
D) Cumulative effects
E) Powerful effects

Accepted Answer

The Powerful Effects theory, also known as the Hypodermic Needle Theory or Magic Bullet Theory, was among the first generation of media effects theories. It suggested that mass media had a direct, immediate, and powerful effect on its audiences, as if the media were injecting its messages directly into the passive audience.

Question 12

Which theory claims that the influence of media messages is gradual over time?
A) Cumulative effects theory
B) Delayed reaction theory
C) Slow burn theory
D) Third-person effect theory
E) Postponed gratification theory

Accepted Answer

Cumulative effects theory suggests that media messages have a gradual and cumulative effect on audiences over time. This theory proposes that repeated exposure to media content can gradually shape the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of individuals, even if the effects are not immediately noticeable.

Question 13

When people use the media to learn about how to fit in with other people,which function is being served?
A) Entertainment
B) Socialization
C) Surveillance
D) Diversion
E) Correlation

Accepted Answer

When people use the media to learn about how to fit in with other people, they are benefitting from the socialization function of media. Socialization refers to the process of learning and internalizing the attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors that are expected in a particular culture or society. In this case, media is helping individuals learn how to fit in and conform to social norms and expectations.

Question 14

A young person turning 18 will have spent more time doing which activity than any other activity except sleeping?
A) Watching television
B) Surfing the web
C) Listening to radio
D) Eating
E) Talking on a cell phone

Accepted Answer

Watching television is the activity that a young person turning 18 will have spent more time doing than any other activity except sleeping, based on historical data and trends in media consumption.

Question 15

The effects of the War of the Worlds broadcast were particularly amazing considering
A) the Emergency Warning System had not gone off.
B) that H.G. Wells's story was part of U.S. high school curricula.
C) how well educated the U.S. population was in 1938.
D) scientific knowledge and understanding were so well understood at the time.
E) an announcer identified the program as fiction at four points.

Accepted Answer

The War of the Worlds broadcast caused widespread panic among its listeners, despite the fact that it was identified as a fictional program at four points during the broadcast. This indicates that the panic was not due to a lack of warnings or disclaimers about the fictional nature of the content.

Question 16

Media effects on opinion are
A) sudden.
B) intense.
C) gradual.
D) frequent.
E) predictable.

Accepted Answer

Media effects on opinion are typically gradual, meaning they occur over time with repeated exposure to certain ideas and messages. While there may be occasional sudden or intense effects (such as during a major breaking news event), these are not the norm. Media effects are also not always predictable, as it depends on the individual and the context in which they are consuming the media.

Question 17

Which is a kind of shorthand that facilitates communication?
A) Micro-sizing
B) Codifying
C) Condensing
D) Role modelling
E) Stereotyping

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which is a kind of shorthand that...

Question 18

Which metaphors did powerful effects theorists use to describe media effects?
A) Bullets and hypodermic needles
B) Cotton and silk
C) Sugar and salt
D) Colours and images
E) Coffee cups and glasses

Accepted Answer

Powerful effects theorists compared media to bullets and hypodermic needles, suggesting that media messages were directly injected into individuals' minds, causing immediate and uniform effects on their behavior and attitudes. This metaphor implied that individuals had no agency or ability to resist media messages.

Question 19

Which theory holds that people overestimate the impact of media messages on other people?
A) Uses and gratifications
B) Two-step flow
C) Cumulative effects
D) Third-person effect
E) Status conferral

Accepted Answer

The theory that holds that people overestimate the impact of media messages on other people is the third-person effect.

Question 20

Who articulated the agenda-setting theory?
A) Hadley Cantril
B) Walter Lippmann
C) Robert Park
D) Paul Lazarsfeld
E) McCombs and Shaw

Accepted Answer

McCombs and Shaw articulated the agenda-setting theory, which suggests that the media doesn't tell us what to think, but rather what to think about by selecting the issues they consider most important.

Quiz 15: Media Effects

Which is the basis for imitative behaviour?

The movie cowboy who wears a black hat because he is the bad guy is an example of

Which is not an element of Harold Lasswell's model of mass communication?

Which term describes the breaking down of barriers between parents and children?

Paul Lazarsfeld found that voters were more influenced by

Being very well informed without actually being involved is symptomatic of

Opinion leaders are key in

Which term refers to the vocal majority intimidating others into silence?

When media decide to cover certain issues and people,the media are engaging in

The notion that the media lull people into passivity is called

Which was the first generation of media effects theories?

Which theory claims that the influence of media messages is gradual over time?

When people use the media to learn about how to fit in with other people,which function is being served?

A young person turning 18 will have spent more time doing which activity than any other activity except sleeping?

The effects of the War of the Worlds broadcast were particularly amazing considering

Media effects on opinion are

Which is a kind of shorthand that facilitates communication?

Which metaphors did powerful effects theorists use to describe media effects?

Which theory holds that people overestimate the impact of media messages on other people?

Who articulated the agenda-setting theory?