Question 1

A ____ network is the only network that offers a dedicated path.

Accepted Answer

A circuit-switched network establishes a dedicated path between two nodes for the duration of their communication. This means that there is no need to share the bandwidth with other users as a dedicated path is reserved for the entire session. In contrast, packet-switched networks, such as the Internet, break data into packets that travel different paths and share the bandwidth with other users. Broadcast networks transmit data to all connected devices rather than having dedicated paths for each connection. While virtual circuit networks have some characteristics of dedicated paths, they are not truly dedicated and can still share bandwidth with other users.

Question 2

____ is advantageous when a copy of a packet needs to get to all nodes.

Accepted Answer

Flooding is the most suitable choice when a copy of a packet needs to reach all nodes in the network. Flooding involves broadcasting a packet to all nodes in the network, ensuring that all nodes receive the packet. Although this may result in some redundancy, it is an efficient way to distribute information to all the nodes. On the other hand, Dijkstra's algorithms are used to find the shortest or least-cost path through a network, which is not relevant to distributing packets to all nodes.

Question 3

A network limit,called the ____,can be placed on how many times any packet is copied.

Accepted Answer

The hop limit is the maximum number of hops, or routers, a packet can traverse before being discarded. It prevents packets from circulating endlessly in the network and ensures efficient use of network resources. The other options, hop count and time to live, are also related to packet forwarding and limiting their propagation in the network, but they are not the specific term for a network limit on copying packets. Time to hop is not a commonly used term in networking.

Question 4

A classic algorithm that calculates a least-cost path through a network is ____ algorithm.

Accepted Answer

Dijkstra's least-cost algorithm is commonly used to find the shortest path between two points in a network. The algorithm works by selecting the node with the lowest cost from the starting point and moving to its adjacent nodes until the target node is reached. This algorithm is widely used in transportation, logistics, and communication networks to optimize the routing of goods, people, or information.

Question 5

A wide area network connects its workstations through the use of a ____ design and requires routing to transfer data across the network.

Accepted Answer

A mesh design connects all workstations to each other, allowing for direct communication between any two devices. This type of network topology requires routing to transfer data across the network as there are multiple pathways for data to take between devices. A bus design connects all devices in a linear fashion, a star design has all devices connected to a central hub, and a ring design connects devices in a loop. None of these designs require routing to transfer data.

Question 6

____ applications do not negotiate a connection,and the transfer of data is rarely,if ever,acknowledged.

Accepted Answer

Connectionless applications do not establish a connection before transferring data, and there is no acknowledgment of data transfer, making it unreliable but suitable for real-time applications such as video conferencing or online gaming. FTP (A) is a file transfer protocol that requires a connection to be established and is a reliable service (D). Connection-oriented applications (C) require a connection to be established, and data transfer is acknowledged, making it suitable for applications that require reliable data transfer such as email or file transfer.

Question 7

All wide area networks are collections of at least two basic types of equipment: a station and a ____.

Accepted Answer

A node is a point of connection in a network.

Question 8

The three basic types of subnetworks are ____,packet-switched,and broadcast.

Accepted Answer

The three basic types of subnetworks are circuit-switched, packet-switched, and broadcast. Multicast and unicast refer to communication modes within the network, while protocol-switched is not a recognized type of subnetwork. Therefore, the answer is C - circuit-switched.

Question 9

A local area network works as a ____ network in that clusters of workstations are connected to a central point (hub or switch)through which workstations can transmit messages to one another.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A local area network works as a...

Question 10

A network that is connected in a ____ is one in which neighbors are connected only to neighbors.

Accepted Answer

A mesh network is one in which nodes are connected in a complex web of connections, but each node is only directly connected to its immediate neighbors. This allows for a high degree of redundancy and fault tolerance, as well as efficient data transmission. A star network, on the other hand, relies on a central hub to connect all the nodes, and a bus network uses a single shared communication line for all nodes. A star-bus network combines elements of both, using a central hub connected to a shared communication line, but also allowing for direct node-to-node connections.

Question 11

The type and number of interconnections between nodes and the way network data is passed from node to node are the responsibility of the ____.

Accepted Answer

The type and number of interconnections between nodes and the way network data is passed from node to node are the responsibility of the sub-network. Stations, servers, and clients are all nodes within the network and do not necessarily determine the overall network structure.

Question 12

Each time a packet is copied,a counter associated with the packet increases by one.This counter is called the ____.

Accepted Answer

The counter associated with the packet that increases with each copy is called the hop count. The hop count is used in routing algorithms to determine the best path for the packet to reach its destination. This is different from the hop limit or time to live, which determines the maximum number of hops a packet can take before being discarded. The TTL count is another term used to refer to the time to live. Therefore, the best choice is D.

Question 13

A ____ profile describes various characteristics about the connection,such as basic data transfer rates,basic burst rates,excess data transfer rates,and excess burst rates.

Accepted Answer

A bandwidth profile is used to define various characteristics about the connection, such as the basic data transfer rates, basic burst rates, excess data transfer rates, and excess burst rates. Bandwidth profiles are typically used in network control and traffic shaping to allocate bandwidth effectively and efficiently. The other answer options (server, client, and router) do not apply to the description of a bandwidth profile.

Question 14

The two types of packet-switched networks are the datagram and the ____.

Accepted Answer

The datagram network and the virtual circuit network are the two types of packet-switched networks. The virtual circuit network establishes a dedicated path between two endpoints before transmitting data, while the datagram network does not establish a dedicated path and treats each packet independently. Therefore, the correct answer is D) virtual circuit.

Question 15

____ and virtual circuit networks require path setup time and cannot dynamically reroute packets should a network problem occur.

Accepted Answer

Circuit-switched networks require path setup time and establish a dedicated physical path between sender and receiver for the entire duration of the communication, which cannot be dynamically rerouted. Virtual circuit networks also require path setup time and allocate a specific route for the duration of the communication. In contrast, both broadcast and wireless networks do not require path setup time and can dynamically reroute packets based on network availability. Datagram networks do not establish a dedicated path for communication, but packets can still be dynamically rerouted.

Question 16

When a node on a wide area network ____ network transmits its data,the data is received by all the other nodes.

Accepted Answer

Broadcasting is a method of sending data packets to all nodes on a network simultaneously. In a wide area network, if a node broadcasts its data, it will be received by all other nodes on the network. Packet-switched and circuit-switched networks do not necessarily transmit data to all nodes on the network. Datagram packet-switched networks are similar to packet-switched networks and do not broadcast data to all nodes.

Question 17

To distinguish between a piece of data processed at the data link layer and a piece of data processed at the network layer,the term "____" is used at the data link layer,and the term "packet" is used at the network layer.

Accepted Answer

The term "frame" is used at the data link layer to refer to a unit of data that has been processed at that layer. On the other hand, at the network layer, the term "packet" is used to refer to a unit of data that has been processed at that layer. Therefore, the best choice for a piece of data processed at the data link layer is "frame," while for the network layer, it is "packet." A and B are not commonly used terms in this context, and D refers specifically to the data being carried in a unit of data, rather than the unit of data itself.

Question 18

A ____ network application provides some guarantee that information traveling through the network will be delivered to the intended receiver in the same order in which it was transmitted.

Accepted Answer

A connection-oriented network application establishes a dedicated communication path between the sender and receiver before transmitting data. This pathway ensures that the data will be delivered in the same order in which it was transmitted. In contrast, connectionless and packet-switched applications do not provide such a guarantee. Virtual circuit networks use a connection-oriented approach, so option C is not incorrect, but it is not as specific as option B.

Question 19

A ____ application does not guarantee the delivery of any information or data.

Accepted Answer

A connectionless application does not establish a permanent communication link between the sender and receiver, and therefore does not guarantee the delivery of any information or data. This type of application is commonly used in scenarios where occasional data loss or duplication is acceptable, such as in video streaming or online gaming. In contrast, a connection-oriented application (option B) would establish a reliable and dedicated communication link before transmitting any data, while a virtual circuit (option C) would create a logical path for the data to travel through the network. Packet-switched (option D) refers to the method of transmitting data in small, discrete packets rather than as a continuous stream.

Question 20

The ____-switched network is most often found in networks designed to transfer computer data (such as the Internet).

Accepted Answer

Packet-switched networks divide data into small packets that are sent independently to their destination. Each packet contains information allowing it to be routed between computers on the network. This allows for more efficient and flexible use of network resources, making it ideal for transmitting computer data on the Internet. Circuit-switched networks, on the other hand, dedicate a specific connection between two points for the duration of a communication, while protocol and port are specific terms referring to communication and connection standards and addresses respectively.

Quiz 9: Introduction to Metropolitan Area Networks and Wide Area Networks