Question 1

The unit committee in the intensive care unit is designing a research study to see whether they are meeting the spiritual needs of their patients.The study will involve patient interviews after discharge.After the interview process,the staff will examine patient statements for recurring themes.The unit committee is conducting ____________________ research.

Accepted Answer

qualitative
The unit council is conducting qualitative research,which focuses on the lived experiences of people.

Question 2

A participant in a research study informs the nurse researcher that he has decided to withdraw from the study citing personal reasons.The most appropriate action by the researcher is to:

Accepted Answer

At any time in a study,the participant has the right to stop participating,for any reason.As the nurse or researcher,you are responsible to support a participant during the process of withdrawing from a study.Do not allow anyone to coerce the participant into remaining in the study.

Question 3

A nurse researcher is designing a research project.After identifying and stating the problem,the nurse researcher clarifies the purpose of the study.Which step in the research process should she complete next?

Accepted Answer

After identifying and stating the problem,the nurse researcher should clarify the purpose of the study.Next,the researcher should perform a literature search to find out what is already known about the problem.After the literature search,the researcher should choose a conceptual framework to guide the research,formulate the hypothesis or research question,and define the study variables.

Question 4

Which of the following statement(s)best describe(s)nursing research? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Nursing research is the systematic,objective process of analyzing phenomena of importance to nursing.Its purpose is to develop knowledge about issues that are important in nursing.An organized set of related ideas and concepts is a theory.Data reported in numbers is a quantitative research design used in nursing research however not all nursing research is quantitative research.Much of nursing research can be qualitative as well.

Question 5

Which theorist developed the nursing theory known as the Science of Human Caring?

Accepted Answer

Dr.Jean Watson developed the nursing theory known as the Science of Human Caring.Her theory describes caring from a nursing perspective.Florence Nightingale developed the theory that stated that a clean environment would improve the health of patients.By changing the care environment,she dramatically reduced the death rate of soldiers.Dr.Patricia Benner's theory described the progression of a beginning nurse who learns to be an expert nurse.Nola Pender's theory on health promotion became the basis for most health promotion teaching done by nurses.

Question 6

The nurse and other hospital personnel strive to keep the patient care area clean.This most directly illustrates the ideas of which nursing theorist?

Accepted Answer

Florence Nightingale was instrumental in identifying the importance of a clean patient care environment.During the Crimean War,Nightingale dramatically reduced the death rate of soldiers by changing the healthcare environment.Virginia Henderson identified 14 basic needs that are addressed by nursing care.Imogene Rigdon developed a theory about bereavement in older women after noticing that older women handle grief differently than do men and younger women.Katherine Kolcaba developed a theory of holistic comfort in nursing.

Question 7

After suffering an acute myocardial infarction,a patient attends cardiac rehabilitation.This will help to gradually build his exercise tolerance.According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs,cardiac rehabilitation most directly addresses which need?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac rehabilitation most directly addresses the patient's physiological need for physical activity as well as for health and healing.Indirectly,of course,better physical condition might enable the patient to perform activities that would lead to higher self-esteem and even self-actualization.

Question 8

The nurse enters a patient's room and notes he is nauseous,vomiting,and experiencing abdominal pain,and has no bowel sounds.She concludes that the patient's symptoms may be associated with a paralytic ileus.In arriving at this conclusion,the nurse has used:

Accepted Answer

Inductive reasoning is often used in the nursing process.Induction moves from the specific to the general.One gathers separate pieces of information,recognizes a pattern,and forms a generalization or conclusion.In this item,the nurse uses inductive reasoning based on her observations and assessment of this patient and concludes his symptoms are associated with a paralytic ileus.This is not guesswork,as the nurse is using her observation,assessment skills,and knowledge to draw a conclusion.Deductive reasoning starts with a general premise and moves to a specific deduction.The nurse is not diagnosing this patient,as this is the scope of practice for the medical doctor.She is,however,making an association between S+S and a disease process.

Question 9

A patient complains of pain after undergoing surgery.The nurse forms a mental image of pain based on her own experiences with pain.This mental image is known as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A concept is a mental image of a phenomenon,an aspect of reality that you can observe and experience.In the scenario above,the nurse forms a mental image of pain because of her past experiences with pain.Phenomena are the subject matter of a discipline.They mark the boundaries of a discipline.An assumption is an idea that is taken for granted.In a theory,the assumption is the idea that the researcher presumes to be true and does not intend to test with research.A definition is a statement of meaning of a term or concept that sets forth the concept's characteristics or indicators.

Question 10

The American Nurses Association (ANA)has set standards for registered nurses in utilizing evidence-based interventions and treatments in practice.According to the ANA,which of the following statement(s)best describes these standards? Select all that apply.The registered nurse:

Accepted Answer

According to the ANA Standards of Professional Performance (standard 9)concerning evidence-based practice,there are two main criteria: The registered nurse uses current evidence-based nursing knowledge,including research findings,to guide practice decisions,critically analyzes evidence-based practice and research findings for application to practice,participates in the development of evidence-based practice through research activities,and shares research activities and/or findings with peers and others.Competencies related to research are stated by QSEN under its educational competencies and are not part of the ANA standards.

Question 11

The nurse educator in the local hospital is developing a plan to implement research into nursing care practices.What are some of the barriers she may encounter in this implementation process? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Barriers to using nursing research include a lack of knowledge of nursing research,negative attitudes toward research,inadequate forums for disseminating research,lack of support from the employing institutions,and study findings that are not ready for the clinical environment.There is an abundance of nursing research and evidence-based nursing research providing sound evidence on which to base nursing care.Many times,this is in the form of clinical practice guidelines.

Question 12

The PICO question reads,"Is TENS effective in the management of chronic low-back pain in adults?" Which part of this question comes from the "I" in PICO?

Accepted Answer

"TENS" is the intervention (I)in the PICO system."Adults" comes from patient (P)."Management" comes from the outcome (O).There is no comparison intervention (C)in this PICO question.

Question 13

In his later work,Maslow identified growth needs that must be met before reaching self-actualization.These needs include:

Accepted Answer

In his later work,Maslow identified two growth needs that must be met before reaching self-actualization.They include cognitive (to know,understand,and explore)and aesthetic (for symmetry,order,and beauty)needs.The needs Maslow identified in his earlier work were physiological,safety and security,love and belonging,esteem,and self-actualization.

Question 14

The new nursing student is working on a surgical unit and observes some patients developing a low-grade fever of 99°F a few hours after their surgery.The most appropriate action for the student to take to gain some insight into her observation is to:

Accepted Answer

When you have found a topic of interest,the first step is to state it in the form of question to help narrow a search.A question stated too broadly may yield overwhelming and irrelevant results.A question stated too narrowly may yield no results.Once the question is formed the next step is to look for research articles related to your inquiry.Asking an instructor or surgeon for an answer may yield an immediate and narrow response.Talking to someone about starting a research study is most likely beyond the level of a new nursing student.

Question 15

Which commonly accepted practice came out of the Framingham study? Use of:

Accepted Answer

One commonly accepted practice that came out of the Framingham study is the link between mammography and breast cancer.Before the Framingham study,mammography was considered an unreliable tool in breast cancer screening.

Question 16

The nurse researcher decides to conduct a research study on the association between aging male populations and their development of prostate cancer.She uses a sample size from her community of 50 males aged more than 80 years,a quantitative research design,and finds that many of these participants developed cancer after the age of 80.She reports in her findings: All male patients over the age of 80 years old will most likely develop prostate cancer.Based on the information given above,what is flawed in this research?

Accepted Answer

The sample size of 50 males in the local community is too small to make the generalization that all males over the age of 80 will develop prostate cancer.The problem statement provides enough information to form an idea of what this study is about.The quantitative research design is appropriate for this type of study as it is the design for gathering data from enough subjects to be able to generalize the results to a similar population.This research is valuable to nurses working with these patients and is valuable to the medical community and healthcare consumers.

Question 17

The mother of a child participating in a research study that uses high-dose steroids wishes to withdraw her child from the study.Despite reassurance that adverse reactions to steroids in children are uncommon,the mother still does not change her mind.By withdrawing from the study,the mother is exercising which right? The right

Accepted Answer

The mother is exercising the right to self-determination.This refers to the right of the participant (or parent,in the case of a minor)to withdraw from a research study at any time and for any reason.The right not to be harmed outlines the safety protocols of the study.All research participants also have the right to full disclosure.This guarantees the participants answers to questions,such as the purpose of the research study,the risks and benefits,and what happens if the patient feels worse as a result of the study.Moreover,participants also have the right to confidentiality.Typically that right is preserved by giving participants an identification code rather than associating them by name.

Question 18

A patient who emigrated from India is admitted to the medical step-down unit with a bowel obstruction.A nasogastric (NG)tube is inserted to decompress her stomach.She asks the nurse whether her daughter can bring in garlic to administer through her NG tube.The nurse tells the patient that she will ask the physician when she makes rounds.This nurse is using the theory developed by which nurse theorist?

Accepted Answer

The nurse is using the theory developed by Madeline Leininger.Leininger's theory focuses on the values of cultural diversity.According to her theory,the nurse must make cultural accommodations for the health benefit of the patient.

Question 19

While reading a journal article,the nurse asks herself these questions: "What is this about overall? Is it true in whole or in part? Does it matter to my practice?" What is this nurse doing?

Accepted Answer

Analytical reading involves questioning the article to be sure you understand it and to determine whether it is applicable to your practice.Such reading asks these questions: "What is this about as a whole? Is it true in whole or in part? Does it matter to my practice?" A literature review is performed by searching indexes and databases,and reading more than one article.Formulating a searchable question involves creating a PICO-type statement to guide a search of the literature.The nurse would determine whether the article is a research report by looking for the individual parts of the article to see if they were present in the form of research (e.g.,title,problem,hypothesis,purpose,methods,data,data analysis,conclusions).

Question 20

The nurse researcher is conducting a study.In preparation for the study,she will be developing a method for participants' identification while securing their privacy and confidentiality.What is the best method the researcher can use for participant identification and securing privacy and confidentiality?

Accepted Answer

All participants have the right to have their identification protected.Generally,they are given a code number rather than being identified by name.Once the study is completed and the data are analyzed,the researcher is responsible for protecting the raw data (such as questionnaires and taped interviews).

Quiz 8: Evidence-Based Practice: Theory Research