Question 1

Which prenatal assessment technique requires the culturing of skin cells acquired from a fluid sample?
A) genetic screening
B) ultrasound
C) chorionic villus sampling
D) amniocentesis

Accepted Answer

Amniocentesis involves the extraction of a small amount of amniotic fluid, which contains fetal tissues, including skin cells, for analysis. This fluid can then be cultured to analyze the fetal chromosomes, enzymes, or DNA, providing information about genetic disorders or conditions.

Question 2

Physicians are currently able to correct fetal hypothyroidism before birth using a certain procedure. What is the procedure?
A) genetic engineering
B) injection of hormones into the amniotic cavity
C) chorionic villus sampling
D) administration of drugs to the pregnant mother

Accepted Answer

The procedure for correcting fetal hypothyroidism before birth is the injection of hormones into the amniotic cavity. This allows for the fetal thyroid gland to develop and function properly, avoiding complications associated with hypothyroidism. Genetic engineering and chorionic villus sampling are not used in this procedure, and drug administration to the pregnant mother may not be as effective in reaching the fetus directly.

Question 3

By the time Debbie got to the hospital to deliver her child, the child had entered the vagina. What stage of labour was Debbie in?
A) first stage
B) second stage
C) third stage
D) fourth stage

Accepted Answer

Debbie was in the second stage of labor when the baby's head emerged from the cervix and entered the vagina. The second stage of labor lasts until the baby is completely born.

Question 4

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the relationship between home and hospital delivery for healthy pregnant women?
A) Home and hospital delivery carry the same birth defect risk.
B) Hospital delivery is safer than home delivery.
C) Home delivery is safer than hospital delivery.
D) The difference in risk factor between the two methods are unknown.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements most accurately...

Question 5

Kim gave birth to a healthy, happy baby boy. And while he has brought joy to her life, Kim has remained irritable, apathetic, and she is not eating or resting properly. What is the name for Kim's condition?
A) neonatal nerves
B) postpartum depression
C) postpartum anxiety disorder
D) baby blues

Accepted Answer

Kim is likely experiencing postpartum depression, which can occur in up to 15% of women after giving birth. Symptoms include feelings of sadness, hopelessness, irritability, lack of energy, and difficulty with sleep and appetite. Neonatal nerves and baby blues are milder forms of postpartum mood disorders, while postpartum anxiety disorder involves excessive worry and anxiety.

Question 6

For approximately how long does Stage 1 labour last for a first baby?
A) 6 - 10 hours
B) 8 - 12 hours
C) 10 - 20 hours
D) 12 - 24 hours

Accepted Answer

The answer of For approximately how long does Stage 1...

Question 7

In congenital adrenal hyperplasia, the fetal adrenal glands have produced too much androgen. What is the effect upon the child with this condition?
A) cognitive impairment of boys
B) speech impediments
C) behavioural problems
D) masculinization of girls

Accepted Answer

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia can result in excess androgen production which can cause masculinization of the external genitalia in female infants. Boys with this condition may have ambiguous genitalia.

Question 8

After learning that his newborn son's birth involved hypoxia, what would Stan (a knowledgeable nurse) most likely ask?
A) "Will my son be intellectually impaired?"
B) "How long was the cord wrapped around his neck?"
C) "Did the cervix ever dilate?"
D) "Is such a premature birth normal?"

Accepted Answer

Hypoxia during birth can be caused by the umbilical cord being wrapped around the baby's neck. Stan is likely concerned about this and would want to know more about the specifics of the delivery.

Answer: A
 Hypoxia during birth can potentially lead to intellectual disability or other neurodevelopmental issues, so Stan's concern about his son's future cognitive abilities is understandable.

Answer: D
 Premature birth can sometimes be a factor in causing hypoxia, so it is a valid question for Stan to ask in trying to understand what might have caused the condition.

Answer: C
 The dilation of the cervix is not likely to be relevant to the issue of hypoxia during birth, so this question would not be a priority for Stan to ask.

Question 9

By definition, what are premature infants?
A) those born prior to 42 weeks after conception
B) those born prior to 40 weeks after conception
C) those born prior to 38 weeks after conception
D) those born prior to 36 weeks after conception

Accepted Answer

The answer of By definition, what are premature infants?
A) those...

Question 10

Mia and her doctor need to know as quickly as possible (hopefully within 24 hours) whether the child she has been carrying for only nine weeks has any genetic abnormalities. Which technique is Mia's doctor most likely to employ?
A) chorionic villus sampling
B) ultrasound
C) amniocentesis
D) genetic counselling

Accepted Answer

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a prenatal diagnostic test that can detect chromosomal abnormalities or genetic disorders in a developing fetus as early as nine weeks into pregnancy. CVS involves taking a small sample of cells from the placenta, which can then be tested for genetic abnormalities. This test provides quick results, usually within 24-48 hours, making it a good choice for cases where early diagnosis is important. Ultrasound and genetic counselling are not diagnostic tests, and amniocentesis is typically performed later in pregnancy around 16-20 weeks.

Question 11

During her pregnancy, Toni develops high blood pressure and experiences severe swelling of her extremities. What is Toni most likely to be diagnosed with?
A) pre-eclampsia
B) cephalopelvic disproportion
C) irregular position
D) prolapsed umbilical cord

Accepted Answer

Toni's symptoms are consistent with pre-eclampsia, a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and swelling, among other symptoms.

Question 12

How is a C-Section is best described?
A) as vaginal childbirth
B) as a technique for determining possible birth defects in an embryo
C) as a common form of teratogen
D) as the surgical removal of a fetus

Accepted Answer

A C-Section, also known as cesarean delivery, is a surgical procedure in which a fetus is removed from the mother's uterus through an incision made in the abdomen and uterus. It is performed when vaginal delivery would put the mother or fetus at risk, or when vaginal delivery is not possible or safe.

Question 13

Troy is very interested in the field of fetal medicine. Given this information, which of the following books would he be most likely to read?
A) Afterbirth Care and You
B) The Benefits of Healthy Eating Before Pregnancy
C) Fixing Birth Defects Before Birth
D) The Importance of Childhood Inoculations

Accepted Answer

Troy's interest in fetal medicine suggests that he is interested in the care and treatment of unborn babies. "Fixing Birth Defects Before Birth" is the only book option that directly relates to this interest. The other options relate more to postnatal or general health topics.

Question 14

Because there is a history of hereditary disease in the families of Alan and Veronica, they have arranged a meeting with a specialist at which they construct a family tree concerning the odds of them having a child with a birth defect. What do we call such an event?
A) amniocentesis
B) chorionic villus sampling
C) ancestry medical examination
D) genetic counselling

Accepted Answer

Genetic counseling is a specialized consultation that is conducted by professional geneticists or genetic counselors. This counseling is aimed at helping individuals who may have an increased risk of inheriting or transmitting genetic disorders. The counselor will provide information about the risk associated with the couple having a child with a birth defect or hereditary disease, and discuss reproductive options such as prenatal testing or assisted reproductive technologies. Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling are types of prenatal tests that can be recommended in genetic counseling, but they are not the event itself. Ancestry medical examination is not a commonly-used term for this type of consultation.

Question 15

What is the cut-off between normal and low birth weight?
A) About 3500 grams ( 7.7 pounds)
B) About 2500 grams (5.5 pounds)
C) About 1500 grams (3.3 pounds)
D) About 1000 grams (2.2 pounds)

Accepted Answer

The cut-off between normal and low birth weight is around 2500 grams (5.5 pounds). Infants weighing less than 2500 grams are considered to have a low birth weight and are at higher risk for health problems.

Question 16

What does the term "crowning" mean?
A) The cervix has just fully dilated.
B) Uterine contractions are about to start.
C) The baby's head has just reached the vaginal opening.
D) The placenta is about to be delivered.

Accepted Answer

Crowning refers to the moment when the baby's head is visible at the vaginal opening during delivery.

Question 17

Claire is very concerned about the position of the child she is carrying. Which technique would be the best for determining whether Claire's concerns are warranted?
A) genetic counselling
B) ultrasound
C) chorionic villus sampling
D) amniocentesis

Accepted Answer

Ultrasound is the safest and most commonly used method for determining the position and overall health of the fetus. It can help identify any potential abnormalities or concerns that Claire may have about her pregnancy. Genetic counselling, chorionic villus sampling, and amniocentesis may be used for more specific genetic testing, but these are not necessary for determining fetal position.

Question 18

Wilma is afraid of the pain involved in delivering her baby. Are childbirth classes likely to help her?
A) Yes, because women who take these courses report experiencing less pain than women who don't.
B) Yes, because women who take these courses qualify for pain-killing medications they would not usually receive.
C) No, because childbirth courses only make people more knowledgeable about the birthing process and can have no effect on pain.
D) No, because individuals who know most about the birthing process experience the most pain.

Accepted Answer

Childbirth classes can provide Wilma with information and techniques to manage the pain of labor and delivery. Studies have shown that women who attend childbirth classes experience less pain and anxiety during childbirth than women who do not attend these classes. Additionally, these classes can provide Wilma with tools to communicate effectively with healthcare providers and make informed decisions about pain relief options.

Question 19

Gary and Shelley are undergoing genetic counselling to determine if their baby is at risk. What test is used to determine the parents' genotypes?
A) x-ray
B) blood test
C) urine test
D) DNA swab test

Accepted Answer

A blood test is commonly used to determine the parents' genotypes as it allows for the analysis of DNA and genetic markers.

Question 20

How is a physician most likely to guard against fetal hypoxia?
A) monitor the fetus's heart rate
B) avoid exposing the fetus to tainted blood
C) encourage the mother to deliver vaginally
D) conduct a genetic screen of the mother and father

Accepted Answer

Monitoring the fetus's heart rate is the most effective way for a physician to guard against fetal hypoxia. Fetal hypoxia occurs when the fetus is not receiving enough oxygen, and this can be detected by monitoring the heart rate. If the heart rate drops, it may be a sign that the fetus is experiencing hypoxia, and immediate action can be taken to protect the baby. Avoiding tainted blood, encouraging vaginal delivery and conducting genetic screens are not directly related to guarding against fetal hypoxia.

Quiz 2: Biological Foundations

Which prenatal assessment technique requires the culturing of skin cells acquired from a fluid sample?

Physicians are currently able to correct fetal hypothyroidism before birth using a certain procedure. What is the procedure?

By the time Debbie got to the hospital to deliver her child, the child had entered the vagina. What stage of labour was Debbie in?

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the relationship between home and hospital delivery for healthy pregnant women?

Kim gave birth to a healthy, happy baby boy. And while he has brought joy to her life, Kim has remained irritable, apathetic, and she is not eating or resting properly. What is the name for Kim's condition?

For approximately how long does Stage 1 labour last for a first baby?

In congenital adrenal hyperplasia, the fetal adrenal glands have produced too much androgen. What is the effect upon the child with this condition?

After learning that his newborn son's birth involved hypoxia, what would Stan (a knowledgeable nurse) most likely ask?

By definition, what are premature infants?

Mia and her doctor need to know as quickly as possible (hopefully within 24 hours) whether the child she has been carrying for only nine weeks has any genetic abnormalities. Which technique is Mia's doctor most likely to employ?

During her pregnancy, Toni develops high blood pressure and experiences severe swelling of her extremities. What is Toni most likely to be diagnosed with?

How is a C-Section is best described?

Troy is very interested in the field of fetal medicine. Given this information, which of the following books would he be most likely to read?

Because there is a history of hereditary disease in the families of Alan and Veronica, they have arranged a meeting with a specialist at which they construct a family tree concerning the odds of them having a child with a birth defect. What do we call such an event?

What is the cut-off between normal and low birth weight?

What does the term "crowning" mean?

Claire is very concerned about the position of the child she is carrying. Which technique would be the best for determining whether Claire's concerns are warranted?

Wilma is afraid of the pain involved in delivering her baby. Are childbirth classes likely to help her?

Gary and Shelley are undergoing genetic counselling to determine if their baby is at risk. What test is used to determine the parents' genotypes?

How is a physician most likely to guard against fetal hypoxia?