Question 1

Which 1-year-old would be unable to utilize retinal disparity to perceive depth?
A) Mary, who was born colour blind
B) Larry, who was born blind in one eye
C) Barry, who was born one month premature
D) Teri, who has the acuity of a typical 6-month-old

Accepted Answer

Retinal disparity requires input from both eyes. An individual with monocular blindness, like Larry, would not be able to use retinal disparity to perceive depth. The other options, Mary's color blindness, Barry's premature birth, and Teri's delayed acuity, would not specifically impact the ability to use retinal disparity for depth perception.

Question 2

What infant response did Gibson and Walk (1960) measure in their visual cliff research?
A) heart rate
B) visual acuity
C) muscle tone
D) visual fixation

Accepted Answer

Gibson and Walk (1960) measured the heart rate of infants to assess their response to the visual cliff, as changes in heart rate can indicate emotional and perceptual responses.

Question 3

Who is most likely to be afraid of heights?
A) Noni, who is 3 weeks old
B) Mandy, who is 7 weeks old
C) Vanessa, who is 3 months old
D) Patricia, who is 7 months old

Accepted Answer

As infants grow and develop, they begin to develop a sense of fear and awareness of heights. At 7 months old, Patricia is the most likely to have developed this fear, while Noni at 3 weeks old is too young to have any awareness of heights. Mandy at 7 weeks and Vanessa at 3 months may also have some awareness of heights, but not as much as a 7-month-old would have.

Question 4

Which object is most likely to be perceived as farthest away?
A) a car that seems to be increasing in size
B) a dog that seems to pass behind many other objects
C) a very loud radio
D) a giant spider

Accepted Answer

When an object passes behind many other objects, it creates the illusion of depth and distance, as if it is farther away. This is a visual cue known as "occlusion."

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of intersensory redundancy?
A) noticing the shirt your mother is wearing while listening to an iPod
B) observing your mother while listening to her talk
C) brushing your mother's hair while you talk to her
D) listening to several voices at the same time

Accepted Answer

Intersensory redundancy refers to two or more senses providing the same information. Observing your mother while listening to her talk involves the visual and auditory senses providing redundant information about the communication.

Question 6

Kelly is placed on a large piece of glass with a checkerboard-patterned platform underneath it. Kelly's mother walks to the other side of this platform and calls for Kelly to crawl to her. What is this experiment testing?
A) Kelly's visual acuity
B) Kelly's ability to recognize her mother
C) Kelly's motor development
D) Kelly's depth perception

Accepted Answer

The experiment is testing Kelly's ability to judge depth perception and navigate across the checkerboard patterned platform to reach her mother.

Question 7

Which child's visual acuity would have most closely matched that of an adult with "20/20" vision?
A) Diana, who is 1 month old
B) Stephanie, who is 1 year old
C) Michael, who is 3 years old
D) Tanner, who is 6 years old

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which child's visual acuity would have most...

Question 8

About how old will an infant be when he or she is able to perceive the same colours adults perceive?
A) 2 weeks old
B) 4 months old
C) 1 year old
D) 6 years old

Accepted Answer

Infants are born with immature colour vision and are unable to differentiate between certain colours. At around 4 months old, their colour perception begins to improve and by 6 months they can perceive the same colours as adults. Therefore, option B (4 months old) is the best choice.

Question 9

Mia likes to kick soccer balls. She has developed a mental structure for kicking which may be applied to different situations. What does this mental structure for kicking exemplify?
A) egocentrism
B) a scheme
C) an intonation
D) an expressive style

Accepted Answer

Mia's mental structure for kicking exemplifies a scheme, which is a cognitive structure that organizes information about a particular topic or activity. Mia has developed a framework for kicking that she can apply to different situations, indicating the presence of a mental scheme. Egocentrism refers to an individual's inability to take another person's perspective, intonation refers to the pitch and tone of speech, and expressive style refers to the way in which an individual communicates their emotions through their behavior. None of these concepts are applicable to Mia's mental structure for kicking.

Question 10

According to Piaget, what is a scheme?
A) a psychological structure that organizes experience
B) a psychological structure that is used in language but not thought
C) a psychological structure that we lose as we age
D) a psychological structure that is mainly found in those with a set of personal values

Accepted Answer

Piaget defined a scheme as a psychological structure that organizes experience and provides a framework for understanding and interpreting new information.

Question 11

According to Piaget, what is equilibration a balance between?
A) primary and secondary circular reactions
B) assimilation and accommodation
C) thought and language
D) social and cognitive skills

Accepted Answer

Equilibration is the balance or harmony between assimilation and accommodation. Piaget believed that cognitive development occurs through a process of equilibrium, where a child assimilates new information into their existing schema (assimilation) or alters their existing schema to fit new information (accommodation). Through these processes, the child achieves a better balance or equilibration in their understanding of the world.

Question 12

Which colours are young infants most insensitive to?
A) short-wavelength colours
B) medium-wavelength colours
C) long-wavelength colours
D) bright colours

Accepted Answer

Young infants are most insensitive to long-wavelength colours, particularly red. This is because the cones responsible for detecting long-wavelength colours are not fully developed at birth and take several months to mature.

Question 13

Which of the following phrases would complete the analogy, "Assimilation is to accommodation as"?
A) idea is to concept
B) a scheme is to a script
C) incorporation is to modification
D) cognition is to emotion

Accepted Answer

Assimilation and accommodation are two processes of adapting to new information, with assimilation being the process of taking in new information and fitting it into existing schemas, and accommodation being the process of modifying schemas to fit new information. Similarly, incorporation and modification are parallel processes of adapting, with incorporation being the process of taking in new information and fitting it into existing structures, and modification being the process of altering existing structures to fit new information.

Question 14

Steve has just learned how to pick up his cat named Chester. Chester likes to be picked up and does not put up any struggle. Later, Steve tries to pick up another cat named Thai. Thai is a Siamese cat who scratches when held. What is exemplified by the fact that Steve has learned to adjust his original cat-lifting scheme after being scratched by Thai?
A) animism
B) habituation
C) centration
D) accommodation

Accepted Answer

Steve has adjusted his behavior in response to the different needs and responses of the two cats. This process of adjusting one's behavior to fit a new situation or experience is known as accommodation in Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

Question 15

What term did Piaget use to describe the process by which new experiences are easily incorporated into existing schemes?
A) accommodation
B) scaffolding
C) assimilation
D) integration

Accepted Answer

Piaget used the term "assimilation" to describe the process by which new experiences are easily incorporated into existing schemes. Accommodation, on the other hand, refers to the process by which existing schemes are modified or new schemes are created in order to better fit with new experiences. Scaffolding and integration are not terms typically associated with Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

Question 16

According to Piaget, when a scheme is modified based on some experience, what has occurred?
A) assimilation
B) animism
C) accommodation
D) egocentrism

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, when a scheme is modified based on some experience, accommodation has occurred. Assimilation refers to the incorporation of new information into existing schemes, animism is the attribution of life-like qualities to inanimate objects, and egocentrism is the tendency to view the world solely from one's own perspective.

Question 17

The Bahrick and Lickliter (2000) study was done with infants who watched videos. What concept was it studying?
A) visual acuity
B) differentiation
C) intersensory redundancy
D) theory of mind

Accepted Answer

The Bahrick and Lickliter (2000) study was studying intersensory redundancy, which is the overlap between information presented through different senses. In this study, the infants watched videos that presented auditory and visual information simultaneously, and the researchers measured how well the infants could synchronize their attention to the two types of information.

Question 18

Molly is buying little stuffed bears for her soon-to-be-born child's nursery. She is very concerned about having different colours that the baby will be able to differentiate as soon as the baby arrives. Thus, what colour teddy bears should Molly avoid purchasing?
A) yellow
B) blue
C) green
D) grey

Accepted Answer

The answer of Molly is buying little stuffed bears for...

Question 19

Preschooler Tommy has identified his rubber boots, slippers, and sneakers as "things I wear on my feet." According to Piaget, how is Tommy understanding his world?
A) as a unit
B) as a scheme
C) as a group
D) as a category

Accepted Answer

Tommy is demonstrating an understanding of his world through the development of a scheme, which in Piaget's theory refers to a pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them. In this case, Tommy has developed a scheme for "things I wear on my feet" by categorizing his rubber boots, slippers, and sneakers together based on their common function.

Question 20

After a one-year check-up, your physician comments, "There has been virtually no development of the cones in your daughter's visual system." What impact would this have?
A) Your daughter would be blind.
B) Your daughter would have no depth perception.
C) Your daughter would have trouble tracking moving objects.
D) Your daughter would have difficulty distinguishing colours.

Accepted Answer

The answer of After a one-year check-up, your physician comments,...

Quiz 3: Tools for Exploring the World

Which 1-year-old would be unable to utilize retinal disparity to perceive depth?

What infant response did Gibson and Walk (1960) measure in their visual cliff research?

Who is most likely to be afraid of heights?

Which object is most likely to be perceived as farthest away?

Which of the following is an example of intersensory redundancy?

Kelly is placed on a large piece of glass with a checkerboard-patterned platform underneath it. Kelly's mother walks to the other side of this platform and calls for Kelly to crawl to her. What is this experiment testing?

Which child's visual acuity would have most closely matched that of an adult with "20/20" vision?

About how old will an infant be when he or she is able to perceive the same colours adults perceive?

Mia likes to kick soccer balls. She has developed a mental structure for kicking which may be applied to different situations. What does this mental structure for kicking exemplify?

According to Piaget, what is a scheme?

According to Piaget, what is equilibration a balance between?

Which colours are young infants most insensitive to?

Which of the following phrases would complete the analogy, "Assimilation is to accommodation as"?

What term did Piaget use to describe the process by which new experiences are easily incorporated into existing schemes?

According to Piaget, when a scheme is modified based on some experience, what has occurred?

The Bahrick and Lickliter (2000) study was done with infants who watched videos. What concept was it studying?

Molly is buying little stuffed bears for her soon-to-be-born child's nursery. She is very concerned about having different colours that the baby will be able to differentiate as soon as the baby arrives. Thus, what colour teddy bears should Molly avoid purchasing?

Preschooler Tommy has identified his rubber boots, slippers, and sneakers as "things I wear on my feet." According to Piaget, how is Tommy understanding his world?

After a one-year check-up, your physician comments, "There has been virtually no development of the cones in your daughter's visual system." What impact would this have?