Question 1

Which of the following is one of the effects of being an abused child?

Accepted Answer

Depression is a common effect of being an abused child. Children who have experienced abuse may also have difficulty with self-esteem, trust, and maintaining healthy relationships in general. They may struggle with mental health issues throughout their lives. While some children do form close relationships with others to compensate for poor relationships with their parents, this is not always the case. Delayed physical development and aggressive behavior toward authority are not as common as depression in abused children.

Question 2

When George gets angry with his children, he cannot control his emotions and he often strikes them, often causing bruises and even broken bones. What is George guilty of?

Accepted Answer

George is physically abusing his children by striking them and causing bruises and broken bones.

Question 3

Which of the following would likely lead to a significant drop in the incidence of physical child abuse?

Accepted Answer

Poverty is a significant risk factor for physical child abuse. By reducing poverty, families may have better access to resources and support, reducing stressors that can contribute to abusive behaviors. The other options, such as adopting a certain style or eliminating government intervention, do not necessarily address the root causes of physical abuse.

Question 4

Fran and James have allowed their teenage son Jeremy to make more decisions for himself. As a result of his new-found autonomy, what has research shown that will likely happen to Jeremy?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that giving teenagers more autonomy leads to a greater sense of adolescent well-being. This allows them to feel independent, responsible and engaged with their own lives.

Question 5

According to The Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (2005), what percentage of substantiated cases of physical abuse of children occurred when the caregiver was punishing the child?

Accepted Answer

According to The Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (2005), 75 percent of substantiated cases of physical abuse occurred when the caregiver was punishing the child.

Question 6

Marcia's parents frequently tell her she is an "idiot" and often make her look foolish in front of her friends. What type of abuse are they exhibiting?

Accepted Answer

Marcia's parents are exhibiting emotional maltreatment by consistently calling her an "idiot" and humiliating her in front of others. Emotional maltreatment includes verbal abuse, humiliation, and belittling behavior towards a child.

Question 7

Ian's mother tells him to stop watching TV and do his homework. Ian then begins to whine about wanting to watch more TV to the point that his mother gives in and lets him watch more TV, as long as he stops whining. Consequently, Ian's whining behaviour increases in frequency. What concept does this sequence illustrate?

Accepted Answer

This sequence illustrates a negative reinforcement trap, where the mother allows Ian to continue watching TV as long as he stops whining. This reinforces Ian's whining behaviour, leading to an increase in frequency. Negative reinforcement occurs when a behaviour is strengthened by the removal or avoidance of an aversive stimulus (in this case, the aversive stimulus is the requirement to do homework).

Question 8

Albert was physically abused as a child. As an adult, what are the odds of Albert abusing his own children?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that individuals who were abused as children are more likely to perpetrate abuse on their own children. However, it is important to note that not all individuals who were abused go on to abuse their own children, and therapy and support can help break the cycle of abuse.

Question 9

Fay has two daughters: Lisa, who has the same domestic interests as her mother, and Marie, who is an avid outdoorswoman. When Fay wants to bake with her two daughters, Lisa is excited, but Marie is apathetic. This disappoints Fay, and she insists that Marie participate. What will likely happen with Fay's parental behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Fay's disappointment and insistence on Marie's participation suggests that she may resort to authoritarian parenting, where she establishes strict rules and expects obedience without explanation. Fay may not consider Marie's interests and instead enforce her own values and desires onto her daughter.

Question 10

According to the text, which age group of children are most often abused?

Accepted Answer

The text states that infants are the most vulnerable age group to abuse.

Question 11

Steve spanks his son Paul in order to get him to stop acting aggressively. Which outcome is least likely in the long term?

Accepted Answer

Spanking as a form of discipline can lead to fear, increased aggression, or failure to internalize social norms, but it is less likely to effectively teach a child to stop being aggressive in the long term. This is because it does not address the underlying reasons for the aggression or teach alternative behaviors.

Question 12

Who is at greatest risk for being abused?

Accepted Answer

Young children, particularly those who are chronically ill or have disabilities, are at a greater risk for abuse.

Question 13

Little Rowan has just witnessed yet another argument between his parents. He feels guilty that mommy and daddy are fighting and he withdraws to his room. According to research, what happens to children such as Rowan when they see constant conflict between their parents?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Little Rowan has just witnessed yet another...

Question 14

Who is most likely to be abusing his child?

Accepted Answer

Social isolation is a risk factor for child abuse as it reduces the likelihood of outside intervention or support. The other options do not necessarily indicate a higher likelihood of child abuse.

Question 15

Cyndi watches her older sister getting yelled at after she throws an apple across the kitchen. Cyndi is now less likely to throw an apple across the kitchen herself. What is this kind of learning through observation best described as?

Accepted Answer

Counterimitation is the best description for this kind of learning through observation. It is the tendency to avoid imitating behaviors that are punished or disapproved of by others. In this case, Cyndi witnessed her sister being yelled at for throwing an apple, and therefore, she is less likely to imitate that behavior in the future. Time-out, direct instruction, and a negative reinforcement trap are not applicable in this context.

Question 16

Parents who physically abuse their children tend to have set what kind of expectations concerning their children?

Accepted Answer

Parents who physically abuse their children often have unrealistically high expectations of their children's behavior and performance, which can lead to frustration and abusive behavior when these expectations are not met.

Question 17

Which of the following does the Canadian Pediatric Society (CPS) recommend?

Accepted Answer

The Canadian Pediatric Society (CPS) recommends that spanking and all other forms of physical punishment should be discouraged. This is based on research that shows physical punishment can have negative effects on children's mental and physical health, and may lead to aggressive behavior and reduced cognitive development. The CPS recommends that parents use positive reinforcement, praise, and non-physical consequences such as time-outs or removal of privileges as a form of discipline instead.

Question 18

Julie watches her sister swing her pet cat by the tail and sees her parents punish her sister for that behaviour. Consequently, Julie learns not to swing her pet cat by the tail. What concept does this scenario illustrate?

Accepted Answer

This scenario illustrates the concept of counterimitation. Julie observed her sister's behavior and learned from her sister's punishment that swinging a pet cat by the tail is inappropriate behavior. Julie demonstrated counterimitation by avoiding that behavior in the future. Negative reinforcement trap refers to a situation where a behavior is unintentionally reinforced negatively, indulgent parenting refers to a parenting style where the parent is overly permissive and lenient, and direct instruction refers to explicit teaching of a skill or knowledge. These concepts are not applicable to this scenario.

Question 19

Authorities will sometimes find children near death due to the fact that their parents have not fed them or protected them from environmental conditions, like the weather. What type of abuse have these children experienced?

Accepted Answer

The children have experienced neglect, which is the failure of a caregiver to provide for the basic needs of a child, including food, shelter, and protection from harm. This can result in physical harm or even death.

Question 20

Which of the following two dimensions of parental behaviour are influenced by a child's age?

Accepted Answer

Warmth and structure are two dimensions of parenting behaviour that are influenced by a child's age. As children grow older, they require different levels of warmth and structure from their parents. Young children typically require more warmth and nurturing, while older children benefit from more structure and guidance.

Quiz 6: Interacting and the Work of Play