Question 1

Donalda has a university degree in psychology, yet she does not earn as much as her male colleagues who have similar qualifications. According to the text, what is the pay gap percentage between men and women in a situation such as this?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Donalda has a university degree in psychology,...

Question 2

What is the main reason for the lack for women in positions of power in the corporate world?

Accepted Answer

Studies and reports have shown that sex discrimination, including unconscious bias and stereotyping, is a major factor in the lack of women in leadership positions in the corporate world. There is a systemic issue of gender inequality in the workplace that needs to be addressed in order to provide equal opportunities for women to advance in their careers.

Question 3

Although she is well liked within the organization and in no danger of losing her job, Tammy has not been promoted for some time, due to the fact that she has not kept up with the technological advances in her field. What is Tammy most likely experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Tammy is experiencing a career plateau, a situation where an employee reaches a point where they are no longer able to advance in their career due to factors such as a lack of skills or qualifications needed for higher positions. Tammy's inability to keep up with technological advances has put her in this situation. The glass ceiling refers to an invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing in their careers, burnout refers to a state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion due to prolonged stress at work, and vocational maturity refers to a stage where an individual has attained a high level of skill and experience in their career. None of these options fit Tammy's situation as described.

Question 4

Troy is a 55-year-old worker who, despite having a very good work record, has been passed up for promotion many times in favour of workers with lesser records. What is Troy most likely a victim of?

Accepted Answer

Troy is most likely a victim of age discrimination, as despite having a good work record he has been passed up for promotions in favour of younger workers. This suggests that his age is being viewed as a disadvantage, rather than an asset, in the workplace.

Question 5

Under what legislation it is illegal for employers to discriminate on the basis of age?

Accepted Answer

The Canadian Human Rights Act prohibits discrimination on the basis of age (as well as other grounds such as race, gender, and disability) in employment and other areas. The Employment Standards Act sets minimum standards for employment rights such as minimum wage and hours of work, but does not specifically address age discrimination. The Labour Relations Act of Canada governs the collective bargaining process and does not directly address age discrimination in employment. The Criminal Code of Canada sets out criminal offenses but does not relate to age discrimination in employment specifically.

Question 6

What would break down a "glass ceiling?"

Accepted Answer

Breaking the "glass ceiling" involves promoting women to upper-tier jobs, which directly addresses the barrier preventing women from reaching top positions.

Question 7

Under which legislation is every employee is entitled to work in an environment free of harassment?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Under which legislation is every employee is...

Question 8

When Brent applies for a job as a shoe salesperson, he is told, "Right now we are only hiring females." What does this case illustrate?

Accepted Answer

The statement made by the employer indicates sex discrimination, as Brent is being excluded from consideration solely based on his gender. It is against the law to discriminate against individuals on the basis of their sex when making employment decisions.

Question 9

Who is most likely to experience sexual harassment?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that young, single women are among the most likely to experience sexual harassment. This is likely due to societal power dynamics and gender-based discrimination.

Question 10

Robert (a male) and Julia (a female) are employed in the same occupation. If pay for the two follow the pattern for the average Canadian female and male, for every $100 earned by Robert, how much could Julia expect to earn?

Accepted Answer

The gender pay gap in Canada is around 29%, meaning that for every $100 earned by a man, a woman earns $71.

Question 11

Getting a more extensive education is one benefit of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Getting a more extensive education can benefit individuals in changing occupations by providing them with new skills and knowledge that can make them more competitive in the job market.

Question 12

A manufacturing company wants 55-year-old Nina to retire from her job, but she refuses. In response, the company changes her job so that instead of having to stack 80 twenty-pound packages an hour she now has to stack 20 eighty-pound packages. What is this case most likely an example of?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of age discrimination because the company wants Nina to leave her job because of her age. It is illegal to discriminate against employees based on their age. Changing her job duties in a way that is more challenging than her previous duties is a form of age discrimination.

Question 13

Assistant-manager Tina just found out that she earns $10,000 per year less than Jeff, another assistant-manager with the same exact educational background and experience. What is Tina a victim of?

Accepted Answer

Tina is a victim of pay discrimination because she is earning less than her male colleague with the same qualifications and experience. The fact that she is an assistant-manager like Jeff but earns $10,000 less indicates that she is experiencing pay discrimination.

Question 14

Fran finds that no matter what she does or how well she performs, she cannot get promoted above a certain mid-management position in her company. What is Fran most likely experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Fran is most likely experiencing a glass ceiling, which refers to an invisible barrier that impedes women and minorities from advancing to higher positions in organizations, even if they are qualified and show excellent performance.

Question 15

Jim has worked in the same service sector job for 30 years and was recently passed over for a promotion despite having no poor performance reviews in his entire time with the company. The position was given to his 37-year-old colleague. What is this case most likely an example of?

Accepted Answer

The case is likely an example of age discrimination, as Jim was passed over for a promotion despite having no performance issues and as he has been with the company for 30 years. This suggests that his age may have been a factor in not being promoted, with the position given to a younger colleague.

Question 16

In which of the following scenarios is a woman likely to be put into a leadership position?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that women are more likely to be put into leadership positions during crisis situations, as they are viewed as better equipped to handle high-pressure situations and are seen as more nurturing and empathetic leaders during times of adversity.

Question 17

What approximate percentage of females will face some type of sexual harassment in the workplace?

Accepted Answer

Studies and surveys, including those by reputable organizations such as the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), suggest that up to 90% of women experience some form of sexual harassment in their workplace at some point in their careers. This high percentage reflects the widespread nature of the issue.

Question 18

In which of the following countries is age discrimination common for those over 45 years of age?

Accepted Answer

In Germany, age discrimination is common for those over 45 years of age. This is known as "ageism" and it is prevalent in many areas of German society, including the workplace. The German government has enacted laws to protect older workers against discrimination, but ageism remains a significant issue in the country.

Question 19

In order to help their employees move from one job to another, and in order to meet the challenges of a global economy, what must corporations offer as part of their employee development programs?

Accepted Answer

Retraining is necessary in order for employees to develop new skills that are needed for different job positions within the company. This helps employees to not only meet the challenges of a global economy, but also allows them to advance in their careers within the company. Flexible scheduling, occupational priorities, and comparable worth may also be important components of employee development programs, but they are not as essential as retraining when it comes to helping employees transition from one job to another.

Question 20

You have been hired as a consultant to work with a company to determine which female-dominated positions within the company are equivalent to which male-dominated positions within the same company. What is your area of expertise?

Accepted Answer

Pay equity refers to the principle of ensuring that individuals who perform jobs of equal value are compensated equally. In this scenario, the consultant is working to determine which female-dominated positions are equivalent to male-dominated positions, likely with the goal of identifying any discrepancies in pay that may exist based on gender.

Quiz 13: Work and Leisure