Your Patient Is a Sedentary 52-Year-Old Man Who Smokes a Pack

Your patient is a sedentary 52-year-old man who smokes a pack of cigarettes a day and has a family history of cardiovascular disease.The most appropriate method of determining his cardiovascular fitness is:

A) Distance run in 12 minutes.
B) Heart rate following 6 minutes of fast walking.
C) Sample expired air during multistage treadmill testing to provide a direct measure of VO₂ mₐₓ
D) Time required to run 1.5 miles.