Question 1

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) A person without signs of illness may still be a carrier of a pathogen and capable of spreading the infection to others. 
B) Normal microbiota can become opportunistic pathogens and cause infections in some situations. 
C) Zoonotic diseases are caused by pathogens that can be spread between animals and humans. 
D) Many parasitic diseases require multiple hosts to complete their life cycle. Therefore, all of the above statements are true.

Question 2

If it is stated that 7% of a population have a particular disease at a given time,the figure of 7% is the ______________ of the disease.

Accepted Answer

The figure of 7% represents the prevalence of the disease in the population at a given time. Prevalence refers to the number or proportion of cases of a disease present in a population at a specified time, while incidence refers to the number of new cases of a disease occurring in a population over a specific period of time. Attack rate, morbidity, and case rate are also measures of disease occurrence, but they are usually specific to certain settings or situations, and not relevant to the given information.

Question 3

Biological transmission refers to

Accepted Answer

Biological transmission refers to the transmission of an organism that has multiplied in an insect vector, such as a mosquito or tick. Option A refers to mechanical transmission, while option C is zoonotic transmission, and option D is foodborne transmission.

Question 4

Seroprevalence is defined as the

Accepted Answer

Seroprevalence refers to the number of individuals in a population who have antibodies to a specific disease. Therefore, the best choice is D, which states "number of people who have antibodies to a particular disease." A refers to the presence of antibodies in serum, which is correct but less specific. B and E refer to immunity and absence of disease, respectively, but do not specifically relate to antibodies. C refers to the overall prevalence of a disease, but does not specifically address the presence of antibodies.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Epidemiologists are interested in understanding the patterns and causes of disease in populations. They often investigate outbreaks of infectious diseases, trying to identify the source of the outbreak and the risk factors for infection. They may also study the burden of chronic diseases in a population, looking at factors such as incidence, prevalence, and risk factors. The index case, or first known case in an outbreak, is important in understanding the spread of the disease, but locating the index case is not necessary to classify an outbreak as an epidemic. Morbidity data refers to the incidence or prevalence of disease, but does not include deaths. Epidemiology focuses on the diseases that affect populations, not just individual cases.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Epidemics can be caused by diseases with available cures, though the cure may not always be easily accessible or affordable for all affected individuals.

Question 7

Portals of exit are

Accepted Answer

Portals of exit are specific areas of the body from which pathogens are shed and leave the host, facilitating the spread of infection to others.

Question 8

The collection and analysis of data on the occurrence and spread of a disease is called

Accepted Answer

Surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data on the occurrence and distribution of health-related events. It includes monitoring of disease outbreaks, tracking of infectious diseases, and collecting data on risk factors and trends. Primary prevention is the implementation of measures to prevent the development of a disease, infection control involves measures to prevent the spread of infections, prospective study refers to a study that follows a group of individuals over time to observe outcomes, and disease classification is the organization of diseases into categories based on their characteristics.

Question 9

If a baby acquires an infection from its mother during birth it is called a

Accepted Answer

The term for an infection transmitted from mother to baby during the birth process is a perinatal infection. This can happen if the mother has an infection that is present in the birth canal or if there is a rupture of the amniotic sac before the baby is born. Perinatal infections can have serious consequences for the baby's health and may require treatment with antibiotics.

Question 10

Common vehicle transmission means that

Accepted Answer

Common vehicle transmission refers to the spread of infection from a single source, such as contaminated food or water. It does not necessarily involve travel or inadequate handwashing practices. Therefore, option B is the best choice for this question.

Question 11

If it is stated that 12% of a population acquire a particular disease each year,the figure of 12% is the ______________ of the disease.

Accepted Answer

The term "incidence" refers to the number of new cases of a disease that occur in a particular population during a specified time period. The figure of 12% represents the incidence of the disease in the population each year.

Question 12

Which of the following definitions is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The index case is not just any person with signs and symptoms of a disease, but rather the first identified case in an outbreak or epidemic.

Question 13

A congenital infection is

Accepted Answer

A congenital infection is an infection that occurs in a baby while in the womb, often transmitted from the mother through the placenta.

Question 14

An example of an infection which is transmitted by an arthropod vector is

Accepted Answer

Murray Valley encephalitis is a viral infection that is transmitted by mosquitoes, which are arthropod vectors. The other options are not typically transmitted by arthropods.

Question 15

Which of the following is spread by mosquitoes?

Accepted Answer

All of the above diseases are spread by mosquitoes. Malaria is caused by a parasite that is transmitted by certain types of mosquitoes. Ross River fever is transmitted by mosquitoes found in Australia and the Pacific Islands. Murray Valley encephalitis is a virus that is typically transmitted by mosquitoes found in Australia. Dengue fever is also spread by mosquitoes and is common in tropical and subtropical regions around the world.

Question 16

Which of the following diseases is contracted by faecal-oral transmission?

Accepted Answer

Salmonellosis is contracted by faecal-oral transmission, which occurs when food or water contaminated with faecal matter is ingested. Pneumonia, tuberculosis, measles, and aspergillosis are not contracted by this mode of transmission.

Question 17

Which of the following is FALSE? Evidence-based practice

Accepted Answer

Evidence-based practice relies on using research and empirical evidence to develop practices and procedures. While retrospective data may be used, evidence-based practice primarily involves the use of quantitative data. Qualitative and anecdotal data may be used to supplement quantitative data but cannot be relied on as the sole basis for evidence-based practice.

Question 18

If a person acquires an infection by handling a contaminated telephone it is termed

Accepted Answer

Indirect contact transmission occurs when a person acquires an infection by touching a contaminated object or surface. In this case, the contaminated telephone would be the source of the pathogen, and the person who handles it could acquire the infection through indirect contact.

Question 19

Epidemiology is

Accepted Answer

Epidemiology encompasses all of the choices given as it involves studying the factors related to the cause, spread, control, and prevention of diseases, as well as collecting and analyzing data on these factors.

Question 20

Diseases that are always present in a community are described as

Accepted Answer

Endemic diseases are always present in a community, whereas epidemic diseases are sudden outbreaks of a disease that affects a large number of people at the same time. Chronic diseases are long-lasting conditions, and contagious diseases are those that can be spread from person to person. Systemic diseases affect the entire body, not just one particular organ or region.

Quiz 8: Epidemiology: How Diseases Are Spread

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

If it is stated that 7% of a population have a particular disease at a given time,the figure of 7% is the ______________ of the disease.

Biological transmission refers to

Seroprevalence is defined as the

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Portals of exit are

The collection and analysis of data on the occurrence and spread of a disease is called

If a baby acquires an infection from its mother during birth it is called a

Common vehicle transmission means that

If it is stated that 12% of a population acquire a particular disease each year,the figure of 12% is the ______________ of the disease.

Which of the following definitions is FALSE?

A congenital infection is

An example of an infection which is transmitted by an arthropod vector is

Which of the following is spread by mosquitoes?

Which of the following diseases is contracted by faecal-oral transmission?

Which of the following is FALSE? Evidence-based practice

If a person acquires an infection by handling a contaminated telephone it is termed

Epidemiology is

Diseases that are always present in a community are described as