Which of the Following Can Best Be Described as Spamming

Which of the following can best be described as spamming?

A) sending unsolicited and unwanted bulk e-mail messages to other users
B) using software and hardware to steal data (usually related to credit cards) by intercepting e-transmissions,which then enable the cloning or counterfeiting of specific financial instruments (credit cards,bank cards,etc. ) for the purposes of theft and fraud
C) sending an email purportedly from a bank requesting information on the target's bank account,including the password,with the intention of stealing money from that account
D) attempting to remotely circumvent the security or privacy measures of an Internet website for the purposes of either stealing information or other malicious actions against the owner of the website