Question 1

Which of the following can best be described as ripping?

Accepted Answer

Ripping refers to the use of software to download original material from a protected media source (e.g., online movie) to a hard disk, for the purposes of resale or redistribution. This is often done without permission, and is illegal in many cases.

Question 2

Which of the following can best be described as spamming?

Accepted Answer

Spamming is sending unsolicited and unwanted bulk email messages to other users. This can be in the form of advertisements, scams, or other unwanted content. It is often sent to a large number of email addresses and can be considered a form of online harassment or abuse.

Question 3

Which of the following does not represent a critical infrastructure site that would be subject to a cyber-terrorist attack?

Accepted Answer

While all of the other choices are considered critical infrastructure sites and are potential targets for cyber-terrorist attacks, a major sports stadium would not typically be considered critical infrastructure. Although a cyber-attack on a stadium could have economic or symbolic impact, it would not cause the same kind of damage as attacks on essential services such as water or power.

Question 4

Which of the following statements best reflects the findings of Raskauskas and Stoltz (2007),that the most common form of electronic victimization among adolescents was text messaging via mobile device?

Accepted Answer

The findings suggest that the nature of the digital environment (in this case, text messaging) and the cultural practices within that environment contribute significantly to the prevalence of electronic victimization, rather than implying that text messaging is inherently criminogenic or that adolescents are the most targeted group by cybercriminals.

Question 5

To better understand online victimization,the textbook argues that research on cyberbullying and cyber-victimology must include an assessment of risk.Which of the following best represents the focus of such a risk assessment?

Accepted Answer

The focus of the risk assessment should be on the level of risk faced by potential victims, which can be determined by their frequency of use and whether their communications occur in or near real-time. Classifying computers, offenders, or websites based on risk tolerance does not directly relate to understanding the risk of victimization.

Question 6

Cyberbullying Reporter employed critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics to aggressive or antisocial online exchanges.What was the purpose of this exercise?

Accepted Answer

The purpose of employing critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics to aggressive or antisocial online exchanges was to identify a common bullying and harassment lexicon.

Question 7

Within the context of cybercrime,which of the following best reflects the term "technological determinism"?

Accepted Answer

Technological determinism in the context of cybercrime suggests that technology itself can lead to criminal behavior, hence the term "criminogenic" is most closely associated with this concept. It implies that the nature of technology can facilitate or encourage criminal activities.

Question 8

What is the name applied to a parallel Internet that exists beneath the surface of conventional browsers,features sites not indexed by search engines,is unregulated,and is rife with criminal activity and illegal transactions?

Accepted Answer

The term applied to a parallel Internet that exists beneath the surface of conventional browsers, features sites not indexed by search engines, is unregulated, and is rife with criminal activity and illegal transactions is known as the deep web.

Question 9

Which of the following terms refer to the use of software and hardware to steal data (usually related to credit cards)by intercepting e-transmissions,which then enable the cloning or counterfeiting of specific financial instruments (credit cards,bank cards,etc. )for the purposes of theft and fraud?

Accepted Answer

Skimming is the process of using software and hardware to steal data (usually related to credit cards) by intercepting e-transmissions, which then enable the cloning or counterfeiting of specific financial instruments (credit cards, bank cards, etc.) for the purposes of theft and fraud. Luring refers to the process of tricking someone into providing personal or confidential information. Hacking refers to gaining unauthorized access to a computer system. Phishing refers to the use of fraudulent emails or websites to trick someone into providing personal information.

Question 10

Which of the following would not be considered a cyberactivity?

Accepted Answer

Watching television at home does not involve the use of the Internet or any digital devices, therefore it is not considered a cyberactivity.

Question 11

Which of the following can best be described as hacking?

Accepted Answer

Hacking is defined as the unauthorized access, modification, or manipulation of an electronic device or system. Option D perfectly describes hacking as it refers to attempting to bypass security measures of a website with malicious intent. Option A is describing identity theft or credit card fraud, option B is describing piracy, and option C is describing online grooming, which are all cybercrimes but not hacking specifically.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true in the context of how best to ensure the Internet is a safe place for Canadian users that is not used for criminal purposes?

Accepted Answer

The statement that Canadians remain conflicted in their opinions regarding the role of the police and lawmakers in regulating online behaviour is true according to the context of the passage. The other statements are either not supported by the passage (A and C) or are irrelevant (D).

Question 13

Hayward (2012)has noted that the Internet-and by extension digital culture generally-has broken down traditional barriers between life stages and has led to generational and demographic confusion,thus bringing about unforeseen online collisions between groups of people with different value systems.Which of the following scenarios best reflects this statement?

Accepted Answer

The scenario presented in A reflects the breakdown of traditional barriers between life stages and the resulting collision of different value systems. An adult posing as a child is an example of someone trying to participate in an age-specific community, leading to confusion and potential harm. The other options are not related to the issue of generational and demographic confusion.

Question 14

Which of the following terms refer to the use of misleading e-mail purportedly from a bank requesting sensitive personal information or password data with the intention of compromising the victim's banking or credit accounts?

Accepted Answer

Phishing is a type of cyberattack that involves sending fraudulent emails that appear to come from reputable sources, such as banks or credit card companies, in an attempt to trick users into providing sensitive information such as login credentials or financial details.

Question 15

According to the textbook,we need to step outside criminology to better understand cyberbullying and motives of online offenders.Why do we need to step outside of criminology?

Accepted Answer

We need to step outside of criminology to draw from terminologies used in other relevant fields, such as digital media and communications, which can provide a more comprehensive understanding of cyberbullying and online offending.

Question 16

Which of the following best represents a goal of applying routine activity theory to cybercrimes?

Accepted Answer

Routine activity theory, when applied to cybercrimes, aims to understand the mechanisms of guardianship that can protect potential victims in the online environment. This theory traditionally focuses on the presence of a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian. In the context of cybercrimes, understanding how guardianship (or the lack thereof) can influence the occurrence of crimes is a key goal.

Question 17

Within the context of exhibitionism,exposing one's body in explicit or suggestive fashion in the physical (offline)world is analogous to what in the digital (online)world?

Accepted Answer

Exposing one's body in a suggestive manner in the physical world is similar to sexting in the digital world, where explicit or suggestive images or messages are shared online. Cyber-stalking, internet trolling, and cyber-bullying do not relate directly to exhibitionism.

Question 18

Which of the following terms refer to the use of an Internet connection to access social media,chat rooms,or other places of electronic assembly to make contact with a child or person under 16 to meet for sexual purposes?

Accepted Answer

Luring refers to the use of the internet to contact a minor and entice them to meet for sexual purposes. Stalking refers to the persistent harassment or surveillance of an individual. Spamming refers to the sending of unsolicited messages or advertisements. Trafficking refers to the illegal trade of goods or individuals.

Question 19

What important theoretical school of thought does Chapter 18 state should be applied to determine where the line between crime and deviance is drawn in online communities?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What important theoretical school of thought does...

Question 20

Which of the following terms refer to the use of a network-enabled device to repeatedly make unwanted contact with a person (through e-mails,text messages,etc. )knowing that this behaviour is likely to cause fear or annoyance?

Accepted Answer

Stalking is the repeated and unwanted contact with a person, often through various means of communication, with the intention of causing fear or annoyance. Luring refers to the act of enticing or persuading someone to go somewhere or do something against their will. Spamming refers to the act of sending unsolicited messages, often for commercial purposes. Trafficking refers to the illegal trade or transportation of goods or people.

Quiz 18: Cybercrime and Cyberdeviance