Question 1

According to Shover and Hochstetler (2006),which of the following is NOT one of the three components of the middle and upper class lifestyle that contributes to criminal behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Shover and Hochstetler (2006) did not identify having a good lawyer as one of the three components of the middle and upper class lifestyle that contributes to criminal behavior. The other three options (a competitive spirit, an arrogance, and a sense of entitlement) are identified as contributing factors.

Question 2

Which of these refers to white-collar crimes committed with the support and encouragement of a formal organization and intended to,at least in part,advance that organization's goals?

Accepted Answer

Organizational crime refers to white-collar crimes committed with the support and encouragement of a formal organization and intended to, at least in part, advance that organization's goals. Professional crime typically refers to offenses committed by individuals in legitimate professions, while occupational crime involves illegal activities committed by individuals in their occupational roles. Business crime is a more general term that can refer to a variety of crimes committed within a business context.

Question 3

Table 17.1 of the textbook identifies numerous types of corporate and business crime.Which of the following is NOT considered a crime by organization against its employees?

Accepted Answer

Ponzi schemes are typically a type of fraud committed by individuals or small groups, rather than by large organizations. The other options listed (violation of workplace health and safety laws, violation of labour laws, discriminatory employment practices) all involve wrongdoing by an organization against its employees.

Question 4

What is another name the textbook uses for corporate crime?

Accepted Answer

The textbook uses the term "organizational crime" as another name for corporate crime. Options A, C, and D are not correct as they do not reflect the terminology used in the textbook.

Question 5

According to the textbook,which of the following statements is true when comparing the costs of white-collar and corporate crime to street crime?

Accepted Answer

The textbook states that white-collar and corporate crimes are much more costly in dollar terms than street crime. This is because these types of crimes often involve large sums of money and can have widespread negative impacts on the economy and society as a whole. In contrast, street crime may involve smaller amounts of money and may primarily impact individual victims.

Question 6

What is the term for crimes committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation?

Accepted Answer

The term "white-collar crime" refers to nonviolent crimes committed by individuals, typically of high social status, in the course of their occupation or financial activities. This can include fraud, embezzlement, insider trading, and other forms of financial misconduct.

Question 7

What is the name applied to white-collar crimes committed with the support and encouragement of a formal organization and intended at least in part to advance the goals of that organization?

Accepted Answer

Organizational crime refers to white-collar crimes that are committed with the support and encouragement of a formal organization and are intended to advance its goals. These crimes are often committed by individuals in positions of power within the organization, and they may include activities such as fraud, embezzlement, and insider trading.

Question 8

The chief marketing officer of a tire-manufacturing corporation meets with his counterpart from a competitor company and they make a deal to divide up a sales region and fix the prices of the tires they sell to retailers.What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of organizational crime, where two companies engage in illegal collusion to manipulate the market and fix prices.

Question 9

All of the following fit into Sutherland's concept of white-collar crime except one.Which is the exception?

Accepted Answer

Sutherland's concept of white-collar crime refers to illegal or unethical activities committed by individuals or organizations in the course of their employment or business activities. Illegal strike activities by employees against their employer do not fall within this definition.

Question 10

From the list of corporate and white-collar crimes listed in Table 17.1of the textbook identifies numerous types of corporate and business crime,which category does false advertising fit into?

Accepted Answer

False advertising is a type of corporate and business crime, as it involves misleading customers and can be committed by a company or organization as a whole.

Question 11

Which of these social theorists introduced the concept of "white-collar crime"?

Accepted Answer

Edwin Sutherland introduced the concept of "white-collar crime" in the 1930s, referring to crimes committed by individuals of respectability and high social status in the course of their occupations. Goff and Reasons, Clinard, and Hirschi are all known for their contributions to the field of criminology but did not specifically introduce the concept of white-collar crime.

Question 12

According to the textbook,which of these is true of the Westray disaster,according to Justice Richard's inquiry?

Accepted Answer

According to Justice Richard's inquiry, Westray managers exhibited a certain level of contempt for safety, which contributed to the disaster.

Question 13

Why are (illegal)migrant workers particularly vulnerable to injury and abuse by employers?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why are (illegal)migrant workers particularly vulnerable to...

Question 14

Table 17.1 of the textbook identifies numerous types of corporate and business crime.Which of the following is NOT considered a corporate crime against the public?

Accepted Answer

Violation of labour laws is considered a corporate crime against employees, not the public. The other options listed are all examples of corporate crimes against the public.

Question 15

From the list of corporate and white-collar crimes listed in Table 17.1of the textbook identifies numerous types of corporate and business crime,which category does violation of workplace health and safety laws fit into?

Accepted Answer

Violation of workplace health and safety laws is considered an offence against employees because it directly affects their safety and well-being in the workplace. This type of crime involves putting employees at risk by not following proper safety guidelines and regulations.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why employers fail to implement safe working conditions?

Accepted Answer

Employers may fail to implement safe working conditions because they know that the penalties for management of guilty companies are often very light, leading them to prioritize profit over safety.

Question 17

Which of the following refers to white-collar crime committed by an individual or group of individuals exclusively for personal gain?

Accepted Answer

Occupational crime refers to white-collar crime committed for personal gain, such as embezzlement, insider trading, or fraud, by an individual or group of individuals within an organization. Business crime refers to criminal activities undertaken by a business organization, corporate crime refers to criminal activities undertaken by a corporation, and organizational crime refers to criminal activities undertaken by a group of individuals within an organization or corporation, whether for personal gain or organizational profit.

Question 18

According to Wheeler and Rothman,if the gun or knife is the tool for the common criminal,what is the tool for white-collar criminals?

Accepted Answer

According to Wheeler and Rothman, the tool for white-collar criminals is the corporation, as they use their position within a company to commit fraudulent or illegal activities for personal gain.

Question 19

Table 17.1 of the textbook identifies numerous types of corporate and business crime.Which of the following is considered a corporate or business crime against the public?

Accepted Answer

Price-fixing is considered a corporate or business crime against the public because it involves two or more companies colluding to set prices at an artificially high level, therefore harming consumers and competitors. Tax fraud, violation of labor laws, and rogue trading may also be considered corporate or business crimes, but they do not necessarily always directly harm the public in the way that price-fixing does.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true when comparing the frequency of deaths related to occupational safety and deaths resulting from murder?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is true...

Quiz 17: Corporate and White-Collar Crime

According to Shover and Hochstetler (2006) ,which of the following is NOT one of the three components of the middle and upper class lifestyle that contributes to criminal behaviour?