According to Akers' differential association reinforcement theory, criminal behavior develops primarily as the result of:
A) frustration.
B) heightened expectancies that are innate in the individual.
C) social reinforcements given by significant others.
D) classical conditioning.
E) modeling.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

According to Akers' theory, criminal behavior is learned through social interactions with significant others who provide reinforcement for such behavior. This reinforcement can be positive (rewarding) or negative (punishing). Frustration and innate expectancies are not central to differential association reinforcement theory, and although classical conditioning and modeling may play a role in learning criminal behavior, they are not the primary mechanisms outlined in this theory.

According to Akers' Differential Association Reinforcement Theory, Criminal Behavior Develops