Question 1

Which of the following is not considered a type of larceny/theft in the UCR?
A) Shoplifting
B) Purse snatching
C) Pickpocketing
D) Bicycle theft
E) Softlifting

Accepted Answer

Softlifting is a type of theft that involves the unauthorized use of computer software, but it is not commonly included as a category of larceny/theft in the UCR (Uniform Crime Reports) system. The other options (shoplifting, purse snatching, pickpocketing, and bicycle theft) are all types of larceny/theft that are included in the UCR.

Question 2

Softlifting is defined as:
A) the stealing of items worth less than fifty dollars.
B) the illegal duplication of copyrighted software.
C) shoplifting when someone else orders the crime.
D) legal piracy.
E) commercial shoplifting.

Accepted Answer

Softlifting refers to the illegal duplication or copying of copyrighted software, without permission from the owner or the software developer. This is a form of piracy, and it is a violation of intellectual property laws. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

Question 3

Which one of the following individuals first used the term "white collar crime?"
A) Peter Letkemann
B) Edwin Sutherland
C) Gresham Sykes
D) Nelson Rockefeller
E) Marvin Wolfgang

Accepted Answer

Edwin Sutherland is credited with first using the term "white collar crime" in a speech he gave to the American Sociological Association in 1939.

Question 4

The most common form of violence in burglaries is:
A) aggravated assault.
B) forcible rape.
C) arson.
D) larceny-theft.
E) simple assault.

Accepted Answer

Simple assault, such as pushing or hitting the victim, is the most common form of violence in burglaries. According to the National Crime Victimization Survey, about 7% of burglaries involve some type of violence. Therefore, option E is the correct answer.

Question 5

Which statement is true about carjacking?
A) Women are carjacked more than men.
B) The driver is frequently killed by the carjacker.
C) Eighty-seven percent of carjackers are drinking alcohol at the time of the crime.
D) Carjacking incidents are highest in urban areas.
E) Incidents often take place during the daytime.

Accepted Answer

Carjacking incidents are highest in urban areas. According to the FBI, most carjackings occur in urban or suburban areas, particularly in high-crime neighborhoods.

Question 6

Available research on shoplifting indicates that it is:
A) almost exclusively a female offense.
B) neurotically motivated.
C) performed principally by teenagers.
D) largely due to spontaneous impulses rather than careful planning.
E) performed by those in need.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that shoplifting is often impulsive rather than carefully planned.

Question 7

In Moore's study of 300 convicted shoplifters, over half were designated as:
A) amateurs.
B) emotionally disturbed.
C) semi-professional.
D) impulse shoplifters.
E) older women.

Accepted Answer

According to the passage, the study by Moore designated over half of the 300 convicted shoplifters as "amateurs." Therefore, the best choice is A) amateurs.

Question 8

Burglaries are most likely to involve:
A) private residences.
B) warehouses and storage facilities.
C) convenience and liquor stores.
D) supermarkets.
E) fast food restaurants.

Accepted Answer

Burglaries are most commonly associated with private residences, such as homes and apartments, as they tend to have valuable items and less security measures compared to commercial properties.

Question 9

Which of the following factors does not appear to determine whether or not a person is arrested for shoplifting?
A) The value of the item stolen
B) The address of the shoplifter
C) The gender of the shoplifter
D) The shoplifter's resistance to being apprehended
E) None of the above

Accepted Answer

The gender of the shoplifter is not a factor that appears to determine whether or not a person is arrested for shoplifting.

Question 10

A situation in which a shoplifter follows someone else's orders in committing the crime is referred to as:
A) vicarious gratification.
B) neutralization.
C) shoplifting by proxy.
D) softlifting.
E) coercive crime.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A situation in which a shoplifter follows...

Question 11

Of the following offenders, which is most likely to carefully select their targets and victims?
A) Auto thieves
B) Robbers
C) Pickpockets
D) Burglars
E) Arsonists

Accepted Answer

Burglars are most likely to carefully select their targets and victims, as they often plan their crimes by choosing homes or businesses that appear to be unoccupied or have weak security measures.

Question 12

Which statement is true of kleptomania?
A) It is highly prevalent among female shoplifters.
B) It is highly prevalent among male shoplifters.
C) It has not been strongly substantiated by the available research.
D) It is a disease specific to Caucasian females over age forty.
E) It is a manifestation of childhood trauma.

Accepted Answer

Although kleptomania has been described as a condition in which individuals impulsively steal items that are not needed, it is not a widely accepted diagnosis in the psychiatric community. Further research is needed to substantiate its existence as a distinct disorder. There is no evidence to support choices A, B, D, or E.

Question 13

Research by Bennett and Wright (1984) found that:
A) almost all burglaries are planned.
B) burglars generally have an irresistible or constant urge to steal or burglarize.
C) dogs and burglar alarms did not influence the decision to burglarize a residential 	property.
D) increased police patrols were major deterrents in decisions to burglarize.
E) most burglars live within thirty miles of their target.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research by Bennett and Wright (1984) found...

Question 14

Joe Harris is a professional burglar who has targeted the Livingston family home at 57 Mulberry Lane. On the day of the burglary, Joe notices Mrs. Livingston's car is unexpectedly parked in the driveway. Joe decides to burglarize another home on Mulberry Lane instead. Joe is using:
A) occupancy cues.
B) burglar ease.
C) integrated transference.
D) systematic skill.
E) entry strategies.

Accepted Answer

Joe is using occupancy cues, which are indicators that someone is home, such as a car in the driveway, to decide whether to proceed with the burglary.

Question 15

Green's concept of occupational crime would include all of the following except:
A) a bank officer embezzling funds.
B) a corporation illegally dumping hazardous waste.
C) a police officer using excessive force against a suspect.
D) a restaurant employee stealing food from the restaurant.
E) No answer is correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Green's concept of occupational crime would include...

Question 16

The most common Part I property crime is:
A) motor vehicle theft.
B) burglary.
C) larceny-theft.
D) shoplifting.
E) road rage.

Accepted Answer

According to FBI crime statistics, larceny-theft is the most common Part I property crime. In 2019, there were an estimated 5.5 million larceny-theft offenses reported, compared to 721,885 motor vehicle thefts and 1.1 million burglaries. Shoplifting is a subcategory of larceny-theft, and road rage is not a recognized Part I crime category.

Question 17

According to Shover, all of the following are characteristics of a "good burglar," except:
A) technical skill.
B) derives most of his or her income from burglary.
C) is skilled in the use of violence when necessary.
D) maintains a good reputation for personal integrity among other criminals.
E) has feelings of self-satisfaction and accomplishment.

Accepted Answer

Shover's characteristics of a "good burglar" do not include the use of violence. Instead, they focus on skills, reputation, and personal satisfaction.

Question 18

Past behavior through which the actor recasts activities in a manner consistent with "what should have been," rather than "what was," is referred to by Cromwell et al. as:
A) rational reconstruction.
B) dysfunctional reorganization.
C) dysfunctional reconstruction.
D) cognitive scripts
E) none of the above.

Accepted Answer

This behavior is referred to as rational reconstruction, as it involves the individual reinterpreting their past actions to fit with their current beliefs or values.

Question 19

In addition to the other negative effects of victimization, victims of fraud and identity theft are most likely to experience:
A) post-traumatic stress.
B) feelings of self-blame.
C) uncontrollable anger.
D) clinical depression.
E) homicidal thoughts.

Accepted Answer

Victims of fraud and identity theft often experience feelings of self-blame as they may feel responsible for not protecting their personal information adequately.

Question 20

What is the essential difference between occupational crime and corporate crime?
A) Occupational crime involves large sums of money; whereas corporate crime involves smaller amounts of money.
B) In occupational crime, the individual benefits; whereas in corporate crime, the corporation benefits from the crime.
C) Corporate crime is illegal, occupational crime is legal.
D) The perpetrator of corporate crime almost always is wealthy, which is not so in occupational crime.
E) All of the above.

Accepted Answer

The essential difference between occupational crime and corporate crime is that in occupational crime, the individual benefits directly, while in corporate crime, the corporation benefits from the crime.

Quiz 14: Property and Public Order Crime

Which of the following is not considered a type of larceny/theft in the UCR?

Softlifting is defined as:

Which one of the following individuals first used the term "white collar crime?"

The most common form of violence in burglaries is:

Which statement is true about carjacking?

Available research on shoplifting indicates that it is:

In Moore's study of 300 convicted shoplifters, over half were designated as:

Burglaries are most likely to involve:

Which of the following factors does not appear to determine whether or not a person is arrested for shoplifting?

A situation in which a shoplifter follows someone else's orders in committing the crime is referred to as:

Of the following offenders, which is most likely to carefully select their targets and victims?

Which statement is true of kleptomania?

Research by Bennett and Wright (1984) found that:

Joe Harris is a professional burglar who has targeted the Livingston family home at 57 Mulberry Lane. On the day of the burglary, Joe notices Mrs. Livingston's car is unexpectedly parked in the driveway. Joe decides to burglarize another home on Mulberry Lane instead. Joe is using:

Green's concept of occupational crime would include all of the following except:

The most common Part I property crime is:

According to Shover, all of the following are characteristics of a "good burglar," except:

Past behavior through which the actor recasts activities in a manner consistent with "what should have been," rather than "what was," is referred to by Cromwell et al. as:

In addition to the other negative effects of victimization, victims of fraud and identity theft are most likely to experience:

What is the essential difference between occupational crime and corporate crime?