The system and philosophy of juvenile justice that began in the United States during the social reform period of the late 19th century was based on the idea that the state should act as a(n)____ in advancing the interest of the child.

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The philosophy of juvenile justice that began in the late 19th century in the United States was influenced by the belief that the state should act as a "parens patriae" (Latin for "parent of the nation") towards children in need of care and protection. The juvenile court system was established to provide guidance, counseling, and rehabilitation to young offenders, rather than punishment. This approach was based on the idea that children were in a vulnerable position and needed the state's protection and support, similar to a parent's role in raising and caring for their child.

The System and Philosophy of Juvenile Justice That Began in the United