Question 1

Which U.S.Supreme Court decision ruled that a child may waive his or her rights to an attorney and to protections against self-incrimination?

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Supreme Court decision in Fare v. Michael C. (1979) ruled that a child may waive his or her rights to an attorney and to protections against self-incrimination.

Question 2

In the United States,the upper age limit for juvenile court jurisdiction ranges from ________ years of age.

Accepted Answer

The upper age limit for juvenile court jurisdiction varies by state, but generally falls within the range of 16 to 18 years old, with some states allowing for jurisdiction up to age 21 for certain offenses. Choice A (12 to 14) and B (14 to 16) are too low, while choice D (18 to 20) is too high for the upper age limits of juvenile court jurisdiction in most states.

Question 3

The system and philosophy of juvenile justice that began in the United States during the social reform period of the late 19th century was based on the idea that the state should act as a(n)____ in advancing the interest of the child.

Accepted Answer

The philosophy of juvenile justice that began in the late 19th century in the United States was influenced by the belief that the state should act as a "parens patriae" (Latin for "parent of the nation") towards children in need of care and protection. The juvenile court system was established to provide guidance, counseling, and rehabilitation to young offenders, rather than punishment. This approach was based on the idea that children were in a vulnerable position and needed the state's protection and support, similar to a parent's role in raising and caring for their child.

Question 4

Which statement is accurate?

Accepted Answer

Juvenile offenses are mostly violations of state law, as opposed to federal or municipal law. State law covers a wide range of offenses, and juvenile offenders are typically prosecuted in state courts.

Question 5

Which civil liberty was extended to juveniles in the U.S.Supreme Court's decision in Breed v.Jones (1975)?

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Breed v. Jones extended the protection against double jeopardy to juveniles, which is related to the broader protection against self-incrimination.

Question 6

Which is true about the due process rights of juveniles?

Accepted Answer

Juveniles have some of the due process rights guaranteed to adults, but not all. While they have the right to be informed of the charges against them, the right to counsel, the right to confront witnesses, and the right against self-incrimination, they do not have the right to a jury trial or bail. Additionally, the juvenile justice system places a greater emphasis on rehabilitation rather than punishment, and allows for more discretion in determining the appropriate sentence, which can result in different due process procedures than those applied to adults.

Question 7

Which is not one of the fundamental concepts of juvenile justice?

Accepted Answer

The three fundamental concepts of juvenile justice are Deinstitutionalization, Due process, and Diversion. Detoxification is not considered a fundamental concept in juvenile justice.

Question 8

What was the focus of the U.S.Supreme Court case that marked the beginning of the "Kids Are Different" era?

Accepted Answer

The focus of the U.S. Supreme Court case that marked the beginning of the "Kids Are Different" era was the elimination of the death penalty for juveniles. This case was Roper v. Simmons, and it established that the Eighth Amendment's prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment precludes the execution of individuals who were under 18 years old at the time of their crimes. This decision reflected a growing recognition among policymakers and legal experts that juveniles are different from adults in important ways and should be treated accordingly by the justice system.

Question 9

Most complaints against juveniles are brought by

Accepted Answer

Most complaints against juveniles are brought by the police. This is because the police are often the first authority to interact with juveniles in situations where laws may have been violated.

Question 10

Which U.S.Supreme Court decision ruled that school officials could search students and their lockers?

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985) that school officials could search students and their lockers if there is reasonable suspicion that the student has violated school rules or the law. This decision set the standard for searches in schools and clarified the Fourth Amendment protections for students.

Question 11

The juvenile justice system is primarily concerned with the interests and needs of

Accepted Answer

The juvenile justice system is primarily focused on the child's interests and needs because they are considered less mature and less responsible for their actions compared to adults. The system aims to provide rehabilitation and education opportunities to help juveniles become law-abiding citizens and integrate back into society. While the interests of the community, family, and society are also considered, they are not the primary concern of the system.

Question 12

The juvenile function of police work is concerned largely with

Accepted Answer

The answer of The juvenile function of police work is...

Question 13

The process of screening children out of the system without a decision is called

Accepted Answer

Diversion is the process of screening children out of the system without a decision being made. It involves redirecting them to community-based programs or other services instead of processing them through the juvenile justice system. Screening (option A) refers to the initial evaluation of a child's situation to determine whether they meet the criteria for receiving services. Disposition (option B) refers to the court's decision about what to do with a child who has been found to have committed a delinquent act. Redirection (option D) is a similar concept to diversion but is not commonly used in the context of juvenile justice.

Question 14

Which is true about juvenile officers?

Accepted Answer

Juvenile officers receive specialized training in working with young offenders and are expected to be sensitive to their needs. This includes understanding the complexities of adolescent development and the impact of their actions on their future. While some juvenile officers may have personal experience with the juvenile justice system, it is not a requirement, and it is not true that they are often former juvenile offenders. Juvenile officers also have discretion in processing young offenders, but this discretion is guided by laws and policies specifically designed for juveniles, which may differ from those governing adult offenders. Therefore, choice A and D are not correct. Finally, it is expected that juvenile officers have knowledge of legal issues, and they are typically trained in the legal framework governing juvenile justice. Therefore, choice B is incorrect.

Question 15

Public support is strongest for __________ handling of delinquent juveniles.

Accepted Answer

Public opinion and research studies have consistently shown that the rehabilitative approach to handling delinquent juveniles is more effective in reducing recidivism and promoting positive outcomes for youth. The punitive approach, which focuses on punishment and deterrence, may satisfy public desires for retribution but has been criticized for being ineffective and sometimes harmful to the youth involved. The protective approach, which prioritizes the safety of the community above all else, may also be favored by some but can often neglect the individual needs of the juvenile offender. The retributive approach, which seeks to impose proportional punishment for the offense committed, is not typically applied in juvenile justice systems.

Question 16

What is the youngest age at which a juvenile can be waived to adult court in the United States?

Accepted Answer

The youngest age at which a juvenile can be waived to adult court in the United States is 10, though this varies by state.

Question 17

Which U.S.Supreme Court decision departed from the trend toward increasing juvenile rights by ruling that juveniles may be held in preventive detention before trial if they are deemed a risk to the community?

Accepted Answer

Schall v. Martin (1984) departed from the trend toward increasing juvenile rights by ruling that juveniles may be held in preventive detention before trial if they are deemed a risk to the community. In contrast, In re Gault (1967) established due process rights for juveniles in delinquency proceedings, Kent v. United States (1966) required a hearing to determine if a case should be transferred to adult court, and In re Winship (1970) established the standard of proof beyond a reasonable doubt in juvenile delinquency cases.

Question 18

A child who is receiving inadequate care is termed a _______.

Accepted Answer

A neglected child is a child who is receiving inadequate care, which can include lack of supervision, food, shelter, medical care, and emotional support. Dependent child refers to a child who relies on someone for care and support, which is not necessarily inadequate. Person in need of supervision (PINS) and delinquent child both refer to children who have engaged in behavior that is considered inappropriate or unlawful, which is not necessarily related to inadequate care.

Question 19

The juvenile court processing of delinquency cases typically begins with

Accepted Answer

The processing of delinquency cases in juvenile court typically begins with a petition, which is a formal document filed by a prosecutor or probation officer that alleges that the juvenile has committed a delinquent act. The petition is the formal initiation of proceedings in juvenile court, and it outlines the specific charges against the juvenile.

Question 20

In the _____,the U.S.Supreme Court extended due process rights to children in the cases of Kent v.United States and In re Gault.

Accepted Answer

The cases of Kent v. United States and In re Gault were heard in the 1960s, specifically in 1966 and 1967, respectively. It was during this time that the U.S. Supreme Court made landmark decisions that extended due process rights to children in the juvenile justice system.

Quiz 17: Juvenile Justice