Question 1

Identify a true statement about heuristics.

Accepted Answer

Heuristics are problem-solving strategies that aid in narrowing down the possible solutions to a problem. They do not guarantee the right solution, but rather suggest an approach or direction to take in solving a problem. They are also typically quicker to use than other types of problem-solving strategies. Option A is incorrect as heuristics are generally quicker than other types of strategies. Option B is incorrect as heuristics do not guarantee the right solution. Option D is incorrect as heuristics are not intermediate goals leading to only one possible solution, but rather general problem-solving strategies.

Question 2

Approaches that attempt to explain observable behavior by investigating mental processes and structures that cannot be directly observed by individuals fall under _____ psychology.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychology focuses on mental processes such as attention, perception, memory, and problem-solving, which cannot be directly observed by individuals. It attempts to explain observable behavior through the study of these mental structures and processes.

Question 3

Alice,Natalie's roommate,argues that computers can perform several complex tasks better and more accurately than humans.However,Natalie counters her argument by stating that humans alone are capable of

Accepted Answer

Developing new learning goals requires creativity, critical thinking, and adaptability, which are skills that computers do not possess. While computers can perform statistical operations, evaluate loan applications, and compile new information, they lack the capacity to set new goals and overcome obstacles in the way that humans can. Therefore, option A is the best choice.

Question 4

Neil has been riding his bike to work for the last five years.Which of the following characteristics of concepts is being illustrated in this statement?

Accepted Answer

Concepts aid memory by allowing us to store and retrieve information in a more efficient way.

Question 5

Kate,a member of the sorority at Quantasia State University,argues that AI machines will become intent on domination of the human race as soon as they realize that they are intellectually superior to humans.As a psychology major,Laura scoffs at this position and argues that AI machines will never come to the realization that they are smarter than humans because they

Accepted Answer

Laura's argument that AI machines lack the capacity for self-awareness is supported by current scientific understanding. While AI machines are capable of processing large amounts of data and making complex decisions, they do not possess consciousness or the ability to experience subjective awareness. As such, it is unlikely that they will develop aspirations or motivations for domination over humans.

Question 6

Concepts refer to

Accepted Answer

Concepts are mental categories used to group objects, events, and characteristics. They help us make sense of the world around us and organize information for easy retrieval and understanding. B, C, and D do not accurately describe the concept of concepts.

Question 7

Claudia has bought a recipe book that gives her step-by-step procedures to prepare Italian cuisines.This scenario illustrates the use of

Accepted Answer

The use of step-by-step procedures indicates the use of algorithms, which are precise and systematic methods for solving problems. Heuristics are general problem-solving strategies, prototypes are examples of concepts, and concepts are mental representations or categories.

Question 8

Rohan,an infant,often has ice creams.When he is offered a new type of ice cream,which he has never had before,Rohan's mother reassures him by saying "That is ice cream!" Which of the following characteristics of concepts has been illustrated in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rohan,an infant,often has ice creams.When he is...

Question 9

Which of the following is a situation in which concept facilitates generalization?

Accepted Answer

Learning the concept that all living things that fly are called birds facilitates generalization as the infant can generalize this concept to new animals that they encounter which also fly, and accurately categorize them as "birds".

Question 10

Sam manages a fast-food restaurant.He is frustrated because employees often call in sick at the last minute before the start of their shift.Given that Sam recognizes this problem,which of the following is the next immediate step that he should take to solve this problem?

Accepted Answer

Defining the problem in detail is the next immediate step in problem-solving, as it helps in understanding the root cause and the extent of the issue before deciding on a solution.

Question 11

Ryan learns that he is always late to work.He analyzes his reasons for being late to work and learns that he always wakes up very late in the morning.As per the problem-solving process,which of the following should Ryan do?

Accepted Answer

Based on the problem-solving process, Ryan should develop a good strategy that will improve his sleeping pattern. This will help him wake up on time and avoid being late to work. Evaluating the disadvantages of waking up late in the morning and rethinking/redefining the problem are important steps, but they should come after developing a strategy to address the root cause of the problem. Finding out if his colleagues also report late to work may not be relevant to solving Ryan's specific problem of waking up late.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true of subgoals?

Accepted Answer

Subgoals are devised while developing problem-solving strategies.

Question 13

Harry,a six-year-old boy,plays with his toys.He has three different types of toys: bus,train,and an airplane.When asked about the differences among the toys,Harry indicates that even though all the three are modes of transportation,only an airplane can actually fly.Which of the following best explains Harry's concept of his toys?

Accepted Answer

Harry's concept of his toys is based on the prototype model, where he identifies the features that are most representative of each category. In this case, he recognizes that flying is the most distinctive feature of airplanes, which makes them different from buses and trains.

Question 14

Cognitive psychologists are interested in examining the process of

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychologists study mental processes such as attention, perception, memory, and problem-solving. Therefore, problem-solving is the most relevant topic for cognitive psychology out of the given options. Clinical diagnosis is a field that combines knowledge from different branches of psychology, including cognitive psychology, but it is not a specific focus of cognitive psychology. Classical and operant conditioning are primarily associated with behavioral psychology.

Question 15

Freisha intends to learn cooking but is confused about the type of cuisine she aims to learn.According to the steps in problem solving,the first step that must be taken by her is to

Accepted Answer

The first step in problem solving is to find and frame the problem. Freisha needs to identify her confusion and define her problem clearly before finding solutions or developing strategies. Only then can she move on to the next steps of evaluating and redefining the problem as needed.

Question 16

In everyday situations,finding and framing problems can be difficult because most real-life problems

Accepted Answer

Most real-life problems are often ambiguous and unclear, making it difficult to identify and frame the problem accurately. This is because real-life problems are typically complex and involve multiple factors, making it challenging to pinpoint the exact issue that needs addressing.

Question 17

Charlotte,a three-year-old girl,learns that a doll is an object with which she can play alone or with her friends.Which of the following characteristics of concepts has been illustrated in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Concepts facilitate association between experiences and objects.

Question 18

Which of the following holds true about the statement that computers provide an oversimplified model of human information processing?

Accepted Answer

Computers require pre-coded input and convert all input to binary form before processing. This removes ambiguities and provides a simplified model of human information processing. However, human processing is much more complex and has various nuances that cannot be accounted for by computers. Therefore, the statement that computers provide an oversimplified model of human information processing is accurate. Choices A, B, and C are not supported by the information given.

Question 19

An effective way to strategize the organization of subgoals is to

Accepted Answer

Working backward in the planning process can help to identify the necessary subgoals and the order in which they should be accomplished in order to achieve the ultimate goal. This approach can help to ensure that subgoals are aligned with the overall goal and are achievable in a logical sequence.

Question 20

When cognitive psychologists use the computer as an analogy to explain the relationship between cognition and the brain,the brain is described as the computer's

Accepted Answer

The hardware of a computer is responsible for processing information and running software programs, just as the brain is responsible for processing cognitive information and producing behavior. Therefore, the brain is best described as the computer's hardware in this analogy.

Quiz 8: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language