One of the key requirements of good experimental design is to ensure that at the beginning of a study participants in each experimental condition are:

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Ensuring that participants in each experimental condition are equivalent to each other is crucial for good experimental design. This can be achieved by randomly assigning participants to the different conditions. By doing so, any differences between the groups are likely to be due to the manipulated variable rather than pre-existing differences between the participants. Counterbalancing is a technique used to control for order effects rather than to ensure equivalence between groups. Manipulation by each other is not a desirable outcome of any study.

One of the Key Requirements of Good Experimental Design Is