Looking at the map "The expansion of Islam," which of these halted the expansion of the Muslim world into Europe from the east?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The Byzantine Empire, located in southeastern Europe and western Asia, served as a major obstacle to the expansion of Islam from the east. Its military strength and strategic positioning halted the Muslim world from expanding deeper into Europe, particularly during the Arab-Byzantine Wars. Persia was conquered by Islamic forces in the 7th century, the Abbasids were a Muslim dynasty that ruled over much of the Islamic world, and the Franks were a Germanic tribe that later formed a powerful kingdom in Western Europe. None of these halted the expansion of the Muslim world into Europe from the east.

Looking at the Map "The Expansion of Islam," Which of These