The chief rival of the Sasanid Empire for predominance in the Near East from the 3^rd to 7^th century C.E. was

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The Byzantine Empire was the chief rival of the Sasanid Empire for predominance in the Near East during the timeframe mentioned in the question. The Seljuk kingdom emerged much later, around the 11th century C.E. Kush was an ancient kingdom in Nubia (present-day Sudan) and did not exert significant influence on the Near East. The Gupta Empire was located in South Asia and did not have any direct competition with the Sasanid Empire in the Near East.

The Chief Rival of the Sasanid Empire for Predominance in the near East