Question 1

Radio science is an example of a scientific belief that was once considered legitimate, but has recently been labelled as deviant science.

Accepted Answer

There is no evidence to suggest that radio science has been labelled as deviant science in recent times. In fact, radio science is still a legitimate field of study and continues to make important contributions to many areas of science and technology.

Question 2

All of the religions in the world were once cults.

Accepted Answer

The term "cult" is often used to describe a religious group that is seen as deviant, extreme, or dangerous. However, many of the world's largest and most established religions, such as Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism, were once small, alternative movements that were seen as outside of the mainstream. Over time, these movements evolved into more widely accepted and institutionalized religions.

Question 3

Which of the following religious groups is the least likely to be socially typed as "deviant" within the society in which they exist?

Accepted Answer

Ecclesia is the religious group that is recognized as the official religion of a society or state, and therefore would not be considered deviant within that society.

Question 4

In contemporary society, the medicalization of "too fat" and "too thin" is an example of science acting as a social typer of deviance.

Accepted Answer

The medicalization of weight (judging individuals as "too fat" or "too thin") is an example of medical science creating a standard of what is considered outside the norm (deviant). This is an instance of science shaping social attitudes towards body image and weight.

Question 5

Most contemporary research uses the religious typologies (categorizing religious groups)in order to find common patterns and make consistent observations about each type.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most contemporary research uses the religious typologies...

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a belief system?

Accepted Answer

Both religions (e.g., Christianity, Islam), the doctrine of political parties (e.g., New Democratic Party), and branches of science (e.g., astronomy) can be considered belief systems as they involve a set of principles or values that individuals adhere to or believe in.

Question 7

The level of tension with the larger society that is experienced by a particular sect is determined by

Accepted Answer

The level of tension with the larger society that a particular sect experiences is largely determined by the level of antagonism that the sect feels towards society. Sects that view themselves as the only true or chosen group and reject mainstream culture and values are more likely to experience tension and conflict with larger society.

Question 8

Historically and today, scientists are able to support their claims to evolutionary differences among the races using real science.

Accepted Answer

Modern genetics has shown that the genetic diversity within any given "race" is greater than the diversity between different "races," indicating that traditional racial categories do not have a scientific basis for significant evolutionary differences.

Question 9

The horrors of Nazi Germany led the Canadian federal government and provincial governments to immediately halt their eugenics programs.

Accepted Answer

While the atrocities committed by Nazi Germany did lead to a decline in the popularity of eugenics, it was not an immediate end to eugenics programs in Canada. Some provinces, such as British Columbia, continued their eugenics programs until the 1950s. It wasn't until the 1960s and 1970s that these programs were completely phased out.

Question 10

Why, in part, does a greater degree of tension exist with the larger society for the Jehovah's Witnesses than for the Seventh-Day Adventists?

Accepted Answer

Jehovah's Witnesses have held onto their original apocalyptic vision more stringently and actively engage in evangelism, which can result in conflicts with the larger society. Meanwhile, Seventh-Day Adventists have a more passive approach to evangelism and have integrated more into the larger society through their institutions.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about religious belief systems is true?

Accepted Answer

Religious belief systems and scientific belief systems both proclaim their own version of "truth" or what is considered to be true based on their respective methods of inquiry and interpretation of evidence. However, what is considered to be "truth" in one system may not necessarily be accepted as "truth" in the other.

Question 12

European colonization of countries throughout much of the world was justified on the basis of both religion and science.

Accepted Answer

European colonization was often justified on the grounds of religious missions to convert indigenous peoples to Christianity, as well as the supposed superiority of European civilization and scientific knowledge. This belief in the superiority of European cultures and sciences was known as "scientific racism".

Question 13

An informal sanction that might be experienced by a pharmaceutical company for failing to provide important results might be a monetary fine.

Accepted Answer

Informal sanctions typically involve social or peer pressure, negative publicity, or professional disapproval, rather than monetary fines, which are considered formal sanctions imposed by regulatory bodies or courts.

Question 14

In popular discourse, which of the following religious groups is typically socially typed as "deviant"?

Accepted Answer

Sects and cults are often socially typed as deviant due to their departure from mainstream religious practices and beliefs, which can lead to societal suspicion or marginalization.

Question 15

The Taliban is an example of a religious sect that has broken off from a larger "church".

Accepted Answer

The Taliban is a radical Islamic group that emerged in Afghanistan in the 1990s and is considered a breakaway faction of the larger Mujahideen movement that fought the Soviet Union during the 1980s. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of ecclesia?

Accepted Answer

Ecclesia refers to a religious group that is officially recognized as a state religion or has a special relationship with the state. The Anglican Church in England fits this definition as it is the established Church of England and has a long history of being closely tied to the state. The other options do not fit this definition: A, B, and D are examples of denominations or religious groups within a country that do not have an official relationship with the state, and E is a religion practiced in a specific region but not officially recognized as a state religion.

Question 17

In practice, the Alberta Eugenics Board attached the label of "mental defective" to people with low IQs, people who had "immoral" lifestyles, immigrants who were unable to speak English, and even young women who were gang-raped.

Accepted Answer

This is a factual statement about the Alberta Eugenics Board's practices. They did label people with low IQs, those with perceived immoral lifestyles, immigrants who couldn't speak English, and even young women who were victims of sexual assault as "mental defectives".

Question 18

In the 21st century, a study released findings to the public that increasing rates of autism were related to vaccinations. This study caused a moral panic across the world as medical professionals and parents sought to determine if this relationship was true. This study was later discovered to have elements of scientific misconduct. The fact that this deviance was discovered supports Ben-Yehuda's theory on examining science for deviance.

Accepted Answer

Ben-Yehuda's theory involves examining science for deviance and identifying issues such as scientific misconduct. The fact that the study linking vaccines and autism was later found to have elements of scientific misconduct supports this theory.

Question 19

Witch persecutions were more likely to happen in countries that were dominantly Roman Catholic.

Accepted Answer

Witch persecutions were not predominantly a feature of Roman Catholic countries; they occurred across Europe, including in Protestant regions. In fact, some of the most intense witch hunts took place in Protestant areas, such as the Holy Roman Empire (Germany), Scotland, and Switzerland.

Question 20

The conservative nature of the scientific community contributes to those instances where real sciences are initially perceived as deviant sciences.

Accepted Answer

The scientific community often adheres to established theories and principles, making it difficult for new or unconventional ideas to be accepted at first. This can lead to real sciences being initially perceived as deviant or outside of the mainstream until they are further studied and understood.

Quiz 9: What Do You Believe Religion, Science, and Deviance