Question 1

While riding the subway, you look at a fellow passenger and immediately think, "Skinhead". Which part of the social typing process have you just engaged in?
A)evaluation
B)stigmatization
C)description
D)prescription
E)formal regulation

Accepted Answer

The individual has engaged in the description stage of social typing by identifying the passenger as a skinhead based on their appearance. Evaluation would involve assigning value to that identification, stigmatization would involve attaching negative stereotypes to the identity, prescription would involve recommending a course of action based on the identification, and formal regulation would involve enacting policies or laws to control the behavior of that identity.

Question 2

Proponents of which view of law would point out that middle class youth are less likely to be penalized for the same crimes than are youth of the lower class?
A)contractual
B)normative
C)consensual
D)conflict
E)non-egalitarian

Accepted Answer

Proponents of conflict theory believe that the law is a tool of the powerful to maintain their power and that the criminal justice system disproportionately targets and penalizes the lower class. Therefore, they would argue that middle class youth are less likely to be penalized for the same crimes than youth of the lower class due to systemic inequalities and biases within the system.

Question 3

According to the ________ view, there are specific norms and values that are universal and inherently right / wrong.
A)Absolutist
B)Relativist
C)Subjectivist
D)Objectivist
E)Both A and D

Accepted Answer

The absolutist and objectivist views both posit that there are specific, universal norms and values that can be considered inherently right or wrong, regardless of cultural or individual perspectives. Absolutism focuses on the idea that moral principles are universally true, while objectivism argues that certain actions are objectively right or wrong, independent of human opinion.

Question 4

The __________ view of law claims that society's powerful define the criminal law on behalf of interest groups in society.
A)interactionist
B)conflict
C)normative
D)consensual
E)social power

Accepted Answer

The answer of The __________ view of law claims that...

Question 5

Why does the textbook author suggest that contemporary analyses of deviance transcend the notion of an objective/subjective dichotomy?
A)many contemporary definitions of deviance combine both objective and subjective elements
B)over time, "objective" researchers have begun integrating more subjectivism into their analyses
C)over time, "subjective" researchers have begun integrating more objectivism into their analyses
D)the processes by which something is socially constructed as "deviant" frequently includes references to objectivist notions (e.g. statistical rarity; social harm)
E)contemporary analyses of deviance transcend the notion of an objective/subjective dichotomy for all of the reasons listed above

Accepted Answer

Contemporary analyses of deviance often blend objective and subjective perspectives, acknowledging that both statistical rarity and social constructions play roles in defining what is considered deviant. This integration reflects a more nuanced understanding that transcends the simple binary of objective versus subjective.

Question 6

Which component of the social typing process involves placing an individual into a specific category because of an observed or presumed characteristic?
A)evaluation
B)stigmatization
C)description
D)prescription
E)discrimination

Accepted Answer

Description involves placing an individual into a specific category based on an observed or presumed characteristic. Evaluation involves making a judgment about an individual in that category, stigmatization involves attaching negative attributes to that category, prescription involves determining what should be done with individuals in that category, and discrimination involves treating individuals differently based on their membership in a certain category.

Question 7

Which of the following groups of moral entrepreneurs has the most overt power in modern state systems?
A)religious institutions
B)scientists
C)commercial enterprise
D)politicians
E)educational institutions

Accepted Answer

Politicians, as elected officials, hold significant power in modern state systems and are often seen as moral entrepreneurs pushing for certain policies and values. They have the ability to propose and pass legislation, enforce laws, and allocate resources, making them one of the most influential groups in shaping moral values in society.

Question 8

You see someone who is "obese" at the mall, and assume that she is unintelligent and is low in self-esteem, yet likely has a good sense of humour. Which step in the social typing process have you engaged in by making these assumptions?
A)evaluation
B)prescription
C)description
D)formal regulation
E)discrimination

Accepted Answer

By assuming that the person is unintelligent and has low self-esteem based on their weight, you have engaged in the evaluation step of the social typing process. This involves judging someone based on some characteristic they possess. However, these assumptions may not be accurate and could be considered a form of prejudice.

Question 9

Which of the following approaches to social constructionism claims that "there is no essential reality to the social world at all"?
A)radical
B)soft
C)contextual
D)fundamentalist
E)ontological

Accepted Answer

The radical approach to social constructionism holds the belief that there is no essential reality to the social world at all. This means that everything we perceive as real is constructed through language, culture, and social processes rather than existing independently of our perceptions. This approach challenges the idea of a fixed and objective truth about the social world.

Question 10

Azra arrives at school with a new haircut. As she walks down the hall, she hears people laughing and making comments about her hair. What type of regulation or social control has occurred?
A)retroactive
B)formal
C)preventative
D)informal
E)retroactive and informal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Azra arrives at school with a new...

Question 11

Which of the following concepts is located at the extreme "objective" end of the objective-subjective continuum?
A)concept of contextual constructionism
B)concept of an absolute moral order
C)concept of low-consensus deviance
D)concept of radical constructionism
E)concept of social power

Accepted Answer

The concept of an absolute moral order is located at the extreme "objective" end of the objective-subjective continuum. This is because it suggests that moral standards and values exist independently of individual beliefs or opinions, and are objectively true and binding for everyone.

Question 12

Which view of law claims that criminal laws are created by the powerful to serve their own interests?
A)consensual
B)interactionist
C)power reflexive
D)postmodern
E)social power

Accepted Answer

The social power view of law posits that criminal laws are designed and enforced by those in power to serve their own interests, reflecting the inequalities in power and resources among different social groups.

Question 13

Galileo's claim that the sun did not go around the earth would be an example of which type of harm, according to the objectivist definition of deviance?
A)Physical Harm
B)Emotional Harm
C)Social Harm
D)Ontological Harm
E)Mental Harm

Accepted Answer

Ontological harm refers to challenges or threats to our understanding of the world, our sense of being, or the nature of reality. Galileo's claim challenged the prevailing worldview and ontological understanding of the universe at the time, thus constituting ontological harm according to the objectivist definition of deviance.

Question 14

If you violate a folkway, other people will probably think you are
A)immoral
B)evil
C)criminal
D)odd
E)immoral or evil

Accepted Answer

Violating a folkway is not a major offense, and hence it does not make a person immoral, evil, or criminal. However, it may make them seem odd or unusual to others who follow the same norm.

Question 15

Which of the following statements supports the "absolutist" view of normative violation?
A)premarital sex is "deviant" in Saudi Arabia, but "normal" in Canada
B)all cultures prohibit incest between parent and child, therefore incest is "deviant"
C)taking a human life is "deviant", unless it is in self-defense
D)smoking marijuana was more "deviant" in the 1920s than it is today
E)same-sex marriage is legal throughout Canada, but not throughout the United States

Accepted Answer

The statement in option B suggests that there is a universal norm against incest between parent and child, which implies an absolutist view of normative violation. Option A highlights the cultural relativism of norms, option C introduces exceptions, option D emphasizes the changing nature of norms, and option E highlights the variability of norms across different places.

Question 16

A sociologist studying the Canadian criminal code to demonstrate that longer sentences are given to people of lower class for the same crime would like hold a _______ view of the law.
A)Consensual
B)Social Power Perspective
C)Interactionist
D)Phenomenological
E)Relativist

Accepted Answer

The social power perspective emphasizes that the law is a tool of the powerful to maintain their social position and interests, and that the law is applied unequally to different social groups. In this case, the sociologist is studying how the criminal code is applied to people of different social classes, suggesting that lower class individuals receive longer sentences for the same crime. This is consistent with the social power perspective.

Question 17

In present day Canadian society there are moral entrepreneurs who exert influence and power in the development and enforcement of society's moral codes. Which one seems to particularly influential, in that it acts as both a tool used by other moral entrepreneurs and as a moral entrepreneur itself?
A)educational institutions
B)religious institutions
C)scientists
D)media
E)commercial enterprise

Accepted Answer

The media acts as both a tool used by other moral entrepreneurs (such as politicians and activists) to spread their messages and as a moral entrepreneur itself through the content it produces and the values it promotes. The media has the power to shape public opinion and influence societal norms and values.

Question 18

What topics are more likely to be studied by researchers who lean toward the "objective" end of the objective-subjective continuum?
A)changing perceptions of masturbation
B)low-consensus forms of deviance
C)debates over how to best control the potential dangers associated with raves
D)the family backgrounds of illegal drug users
E)the role of power in determining which drugs are considered "illegal" in a particular society at a given point in time

Accepted Answer

The answer of What topics are more likely to be...

Question 19

According to subjective definitions of deviance, serve as the foundation for determining who/what is "deviant".
A)high-consensus norms
B)low-consensus norms
C)dominant moral codes
D)social contracts
E)criminal laws

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to subjective definitions of deviance, serve...

Question 20

The principle of equality, which is a fundamental Canadian value, influences the social construction of deviance at which of the following levels?
A)interactionist level
B)institutional level
C)ethical level
D)sociocultural level
E)individual level

Accepted Answer

The answer of The principle of equality, which is a...

Quiz 1: Determining Deviance

While riding the subway, you look at a fellow passenger and immediately think, "Skinhead". Which part of the social typing process have you just engaged in?

Proponents of which view of law would point out that middle class youth are less likely to be penalized for the same crimes than are youth of the lower class?

According to the ________ view, there are specific norms and values that are universal and inherently right / wrong.

The __________ view of law claims that society's powerful define the criminal law on behalf of interest groups in society.

Why does the textbook author suggest that contemporary analyses of deviance transcend the notion of an objective/subjective dichotomy?

Which component of the social typing process involves placing an individual into a specific category because of an observed or presumed characteristic?

Which of the following groups of moral entrepreneurs has the most overt power in modern state systems?

You see someone who is "obese" at the mall, and assume that she is unintelligent and is low in self-esteem, yet likely has a good sense of humour. Which step in the social typing process have you engaged in by making these assumptions?

Which of the following approaches to social constructionism claims that "there is no essential reality to the social world at all"?

Azra arrives at school with a new haircut. As she walks down the hall, she hears people laughing and making comments about her hair. What type of regulation or social control has occurred?

Which of the following concepts is located at the extreme "objective" end of the objective-subjective continuum?

Which view of law claims that criminal laws are created by the powerful to serve their own interests?

Galileo's claim that the sun did not go around the earth would be an example of which type of harm, according to the objectivist definition of deviance?

If you violate a folkway, other people will probably think you are

Which of the following statements supports the "absolutist" view of normative violation?

A sociologist studying the Canadian criminal code to demonstrate that longer sentences are given to people of lower class for the same crime would like hold a _______ view of the law.

In present day Canadian society there are moral entrepreneurs who exert influence and power in the development and enforcement of society's moral codes. Which one seems to particularly influential, in that it acts as both a tool used by other moral entrepreneurs and as a moral entrepreneur itself?

What topics are more likely to be studied by researchers who lean toward the "objective" end of the objective-subjective continuum?

According to subjective definitions of deviance, serve as the foundation for determining who/what is "deviant".

The principle of equality, which is a fundamental Canadian value, influences the social construction of deviance at which of the following levels?