Question 1

The rapid global diffusion of work-related achievement values has

Accepted Answer

The text states that the diffusion of work-related achievement values has "muted" the influence of religious beliefs on athletic success, indicating that the influence of religious beliefs has been reduced rather than intensified or boosted. Option A is incorrect because the passage does not suggest that the connection between sports and all world religions has intensified. Option C is incorrect as there is no mention of the influence of Protestantism specifically. Option D is also incorrect as there is no evidence to suggest that athletes are seeking new religions solely for guidance in sports.

Question 2

Traditional Protestant religious beliefs emphasize a set of key virtues that

Accepted Answer

Traditional Protestant religious beliefs emphasize virtues such as discipline, hard work, and self-control, which align with the values promoted in modern sports.

Question 3

Traditional Protestant beliefs favor competitive sports over spontaneous play because sports are

Accepted Answer

Traditional Protestant beliefs emphasize the value of hard work and achievement, which aligns with the competitive nature of organized sports. Spontaneous play may be seen as frivolous or unproductive. Additionally, sports can provide opportunities for character building and discipline, which are also prized in Protestant culture. The other choices do not accurately reflect traditional Protestant beliefs about sports.

Question 4

When social constructionists study sports and religions, they assume that meanings associated with each of these spheres of life

Accepted Answer

Social constructionists study how meanings associated with sports and religions are constructed by individuals and groups through social interactions and cultural processes. Therefore, they recognize that these meanings are not fixed or universal but rather change over time and vary between different cultural groups.

Question 5

When sociologists study religion and religious beliefs, they often distinguish the sacred from the secular.According to this distinction,

Accepted Answer

The sacred-seculardistinction distinguishes religious beliefs from secular beliefs. While secular beliefs refer to things within the physical world, religious beliefs refer to the sacred, which is outside the physical world. Therefore, the sacred is always associated with religions. Option A is incorrect because sports are typically considered secular, not sacred. Option B is incorrect because the secular includes everything that is non-religious and may or may not involve the supernatural. Option D is incorrect because the sacred consists of things that are outside of the here-and-now physical world.

Question 6

Religions share certain characteristics with ideologies, but they differ in that ideologies focus mostly on

Accepted Answer

Ideologies are typically concerned with how society should be structured and operate, often centered around economic and political systems. They may have some philosophical or moral principles, but they do not typically address spiritual or metaphysical questions. Religions, on the other hand, are more concerned with beliefs and practices related to the divine, supernatural, or afterlife. While religions may also have some ethical or social teachings, their main focus is on the spiritual realm.

Question 7

In Islamic countries, norms regulating the body are closely tied to

Accepted Answer

Islamic norms regarding the body are closely tied to beliefs about actions that displease Allah, such as immodesty or excess. These beliefs are derived from the Quran and other Islamic teachings.

Question 8

The self-proclaimed Christian athlete is unique because

Accepted Answer

While some athletes may identify with other religions, such as Islam or Judaism, no other religion has an equivalent identity to the "Christian athlete" who identifies strongly with both their faith and their sport. Therefore, D is the best choice. Option A is incorrect because there are Hindu athletes who play sports. Option B is incorrect because other religions also have a concept of the sacred body. Option C is incorrect because athletes come from a variety of religious backgrounds.

Question 9

In sociological terms, religions are socially shared beliefs and rituals that people

Accepted Answer

Religions are often accepted based on faith and serve as a source of meaning for individuals or communities. While religions may have an impact on the world, such as through charitable work or political activism, their primary function is not to change the way the world works. Additionally, while some individuals may use religion as a way to feel superior to others, this is not a defining feature of religions as a whole. Finally, while religion may provide comfort in the face of life and death issues, it is not primarily a way for individuals to avoid thinking about these issues.

Question 10

A social constructionist approach to sports and religions is based primarily on

Accepted Answer

A social constructionist approach emphasizes the cultural and interactionist factors that influence how sports and religions are defined, understood, and practiced. This perspective acknowledges that these concepts are not fixed or objective entities, but rather are shaped by social and historical contexts, power dynamics, and individual experiences.

Question 11

Mainstream Buddhism and Hinduism don't support competitive sports because they emphasize

Accepted Answer

Mainstream Buddhism and Hinduism both emphasize transcending the self and the material world, which is not in alignment with the competitive nature of sports.

Question 12

Sociologists study religion because religious beliefs and meanings

Accepted Answer

Sociologists study religion because religious beliefs and meanings influence the ways that people think about and make sense of the world. Religious beliefs provide a framework for understanding the world and can shape attitudes and behaviors. Understanding different religious beliefs and practices can help sociologists better understand how individuals and societies function.

Question 13

The recent Olympic teams that have been least likely to have women athletes are from nations where

Accepted Answer

In nations where most people hold fundamentalist Muslim beliefs, women may face societal barriers that prevent them from participating in sports and other activities outside of the home. This can result in a lower number of women athletes on Olympic teams from these nations.

Question 14

When people define sport as a form of religion they identify similarities between sport and religion.For example, they note that both

Accepted Answer

The answer of When people define sport as a form...

Question 15

Some people believe that religion and sport each have essential and unchanging qualities that are different.They usually say that the rituals and beliefs of religion are

Accepted Answer

The option D is the best choice because the rituals and beliefs of religion are often connected with the sacred and supernatural, and are not necessarily based on natural laws or general superstitions. The concept of the sacred and supernatural is an essential and unchanging quality of religion. Written forms may be used to preserve these beliefs and practices, but they are not the defining characteristic of religion.

Question 16

In the section on sports and world religions, it is noted that

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the section on sports and world...

Question 17

When people argue that sport is religion-like which of the following is NOT one of the similarities they identify?

Accepted Answer

Most people do not argue that sport and religion trace their origins to rituals practiced in the Garden of Eden. Instead, they might argue that sport and religion share other similarities, such as having places and buildings for communal gatherings, emerging out of a disciplined quest for perfection, and having heroes and legends about heroic accomplishments.

Question 18

In India, the Hindus who are most likely to participate in sports are those with

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that middle or upper caste Hindus are more likely to participate in sports due to their access to resources and opportunities. Lower caste Hindus often face socioeconomic barriers that hinder their access to sports. Traditional and pre-modern attitudes or the occupation of parents are not necessarily indicators of sports participation.

Question 19

Those who say there are essential and unchanging differences between sport and religion believe that sport is essentially

Accepted Answer

The answer of Those who say there are essential and...

Question 20

Religion is related to gender issues in sports because

Accepted Answer

Religious beliefs and cultural traditions can affect the opportunities for girls and women to participate in sports. For example, in some conservative religious communities, female athletes may face limitations on what they are allowed to wear, strict rules around interaction with male coaches and teammates, or restrictions on travel for games or tournaments. On the other hand, some religious leaders and organizations have been strong advocates for promoting sports participation for girls and women as a means of encouraging physical health, empowering girls and women, and promoting leadership and teamwork skills. Therefore, religion and gender issues in sports are often interconnected.

Quiz 15: Sports and Religions: Is It a Promising Combination