Question 1

In the evaluation of primary bone neoplasms, bone scans

Accepted Answer

The value of bone scanning in patients with primary bone malignancy lies in the detection of the disease elsewhere.Usually the patient has already had a radiograph and the extent of the abnormality on the bone scan is generally not much different.

Question 2

Fluorine-18 is an analog of

Accepted Answer

Fluorine-18 (¹⁸F) is a hydroxyl analog.

Question 3

A nomogram is used for

Accepted Answer

The scan speed is determined by one of several techniques; most camera manufacturers supply a table, chart, or nomogram for determining the proper scan speed, based on the desired ID in the image and the count rate from the patient.

Question 4

Strontium is an analog of

Accepted Answer

Strontium-85 (⁸⁵Sr) is a calcium analog.

Question 5

Patients having a bone scan should be hydrated between injection and delayed imaging in order to

Accepted Answer

Unless contraindicated, patients should be hydrated to aid clearance of the radiopharmaceutical from the body; administration of four to six glasses of liquid during the delay period is adequate.

Question 6

Equal-time imaging for bone scanning refers to the technique in which

Accepted Answer

Commonly, multiple individual images (or spot views) are taken for an equal amount of time.Equal-time technique allows comparison of the film density in one image with that in another image, because the exposure is made for equal amounts of time.This method is effective as long as adequate statistics are achieved.First, one area of the body (e.g., the anterior or posterior view of the chest) is imaged for a preset number of counts and the time is recorded.Between 400,000 and 600,000 counts are accumulated for a standard-field camera, and between 500,000 and 1 million counts for a large-crystal camera.All subsequent images are taken for the same interval that had been recorded for the first image.

Question 7

Accumulation of radionuclides in the bone is related to both the rate of bone production and

Accepted Answer

Once the material arrives at the bone, heterionic exchange of an ion native to bone for a labeled, bone-seeking ion occurs.Increased blood supply to an area of bone results in a blood pool image (obtained immediately after radiopharmaceutical administration) with increased activity.Localization of various bone-imaging agents is related to their exchange with ions in the bone.The principle of bone imaging relies on the exchange of an ion native to bone for a labeled, bone-seeking ion, a process called heterionic exchange.

Question 8

A bone scan image of a female patient shows radiopharmaceutical uptake in the breasts.The technologist should

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of the bone-imaging radiopharmaceuticals can occur in the normal female breast and with various diseases of the breast.

Question 9

For lytic lesions to be seen radiographically, the loss of mineral content of the bone must be approximately

Accepted Answer

Loss of approximately 50% of the mineral content of the bone must occur before lytic lesions are detected radiographically.

Question 10

Typically, skeletal metastatic disease has the greatest involvement in (the)

Accepted Answer

The usual pattern of skeletal metastatic disease is multiple focal lesions throughout the skeleton, with the greatest involvement generally in the axial skeleton.

Question 11

Visualization of the kidneys on a ^99mTc-MDP scan is considered

Accepted Answer

¹⁸F- and ^99mTc-labeled phosphate compounds demonstrate activity in the kidneys and bladder because they are excreted through the urinary tract.

Question 12

What are the two types of bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

The two types of bone tissue are compact and spongy tissue.

Question 13

Patients having a bone scan should be encouraged to void urine frequently between injection and delayed scanning to

Accepted Answer

Since the ^99mTc-labeled bone agents are excreted from the body via the urinary system, the patient should be encouraged to void urine frequently to reduce radiation to the bladder.

Question 14

Metastatic lesions that have no osteoblastic activity

Accepted Answer

Localization of bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals depends in large part on bone production, so metastatic lesions that have no associated osteoblastic activity may not be seen on a bone scan or may be detected as a photon-deficient area.

Question 15

A patient is entering the osseous phase of a routine three-phase bone scan.The technologist should

Accepted Answer

The third phase (also osseous phase, or delayed phase) is routine scanning at 2 to 3 hours after injection.

Quiz 22: Skeletal System