Question 1

Self-knowledge includes ____.

Accepted Answer

Self-knowledge refers to an awareness of one's own experiences, traits, feelings, and beliefs, indicating that self-awareness is the most appropriate choice. Self-presentation and social roles refer to how individuals present themselves to others and the roles they play in society, respectively, but are not necessarily indicative of self-knowledge. Self-control refers to the ability to regulate one's own behavior and emotions, which, while related to self-knowledge, is not a comprehensive definition of it.

Question 2

As discussed in the text, one of the gymnasts who competed in the 1976 Olympics broke his leg midway through the competition but actually hid his injury from his teammates (because he did not want them to be distracted or concerned during the competition) and continued to compete (and help his team win the medal). This story is used to illustrate the notion of ____.

Accepted Answer

The story of the gymnast hiding his injury from his teammates exemplifies an interdependent self-construal, which values the needs and goals of the group over the individual's needs or concerns. The gymnast prioritized his team's success over his own injury, which is a characteristic of an interdependent self-construal. The other options are not as relevant to the story. Intrinsic rewards are self-motivated rewards, while social comparison and the looking-glass self both relate to the individual's perception of themselves in relation to others, which is not the focus of this story.

Question 3

Probably the best account of the origins of selfhood is that the self comes into being at the interface between ____ and ____.

Accepted Answer

The self comes into being at the interface between inner biological processes and a sociocultural network.

Question 4

Which "self" involves decision-making?

Accepted Answer

The agent self is the self that involves decision-making and control over one's thoughts and actions. This is the self that is responsible for making choices and taking action in a deliberate and intentional way. The other selves listed (interpersonal self, self-knowledge, and public self) do not necessarily involve decision-making as their primary function.

Question 5

Yolanda tends to think of herself as a unique person, with individual personality traits, interests, and opinions. She tends to make decisions on her own, to look after her own needs, and to think of herself as a "self-made woman." It would be safe to say that Yolanda has a(n) ____ self-construal.

Accepted Answer

Yolanda's description of herself as an individual who makes decisions on her own and thinks of herself as self-made suggests an independent self-construal. Independent self-construals prioritize individuality, autonomy, and personal achievement, which aligns with Yolanda's self-description. The other options, interdependent, intrinsic, and extrinsic, do not accurately describe Yolanda's self-construal based on the information provided.

Question 6

In cultures that emphasize ____, wedding ceremonies and their legal or religious value are seen as very important; the psychological meaning of weddings and the feelings of the spouses are of secondary importance.

Accepted Answer

Cultures that emphasize the self in public roles prioritize the importance of performing social roles and responsibilities over individual emotional experiences. Therefore, wedding ceremonies and their legal or religious value hold greater significance than the psychological meaning of weddings and the emotions of the spouses involved.

Question 7

As discussed in the text, the increase in social mobility in aristocratic times may help explain how the idea of ____ originated.

Accepted Answer

The increase in social mobility allowed individuals to rise above their social status of birth, leading to a greater focus on individual identity and the development of the idea of the inner "true" self.

Question 8

According to sociologist Ralph Turner, which of the following would be an example of the self in a public role?

Accepted Answer

The self in a public role refers to the individual's behavior and presentation in a public setting. In this scenario, Melissa is presenting herself as outgoing and ambitious to the interviewer, which aligns with the expectations and requirements of a sales role.

Question 9

Which part of the self is most concerned with gaining social acceptance and fitting in?

Accepted Answer

The interpersonal self is most concerned with gaining social acceptance and fitting in. This part of the self is focused on how we are perceived by others and maintaining positive relationships with them. It includes our social skills, communication abilities, and ability to empathize with others. The other options, the id (A), self-knowledge (B), and the agent self (C), are not specifically focused on gaining social acceptance and fitting in.

Question 10

Tony is debating between buying a Volvo S40, a Saab 9-3, and a Honda Accord. What part of his self is he relying upon?

Accepted Answer

Tony is relying on the agent self, or executive function, as he is making a decision and taking action regarding which car to purchase.

Question 11

A classic article by sociologist Ralph Turner noted that different cultures, at different times, have defined the true self by placing emphasis on either of two main approaches. These approaches are ____.

Accepted Answer

According to Ralph Turner, different cultures have defined the true self by emphasizing either the self as inner feelings or the self in social roles. Option A describes these two approaches. Option B refers to types of self-awareness, option C refers to concepts within symbolic interactionism, and option D refers to different types of implicit and explicit self-knowledge.

Question 12

According to the text, the three main parts of the self are ____.

Accepted Answer

The text specifically mentions that the three main parts of the self are self-knowledge (which includes self-understanding), the agent self (which includes self-action), and the interpersonal self. The other answer choices are not mentioned or supported in the text.

Question 13

____ have social roles; ____ are the only animals where individuals take on different roles during the course of a lifetime.

Accepted Answer

Various animals have social roles, but humans are unique in that individuals can take on different roles throughout their lifetime.

Question 14

Research suggests that ____ tend to have more interdependent self-construals, whereas ____ tend to have more independent self-construals.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently found that people from Eastern cultures, such as China and Japan, tend to have more interdependent self-construals, while people from Western cultures, such as the United States and Western Europe, tend to have more independent self-construals. This is thought to be due to differences in cultural values and socialization practices.

Question 15

As described in the textbook, in the late 1500s a Hungarian nobleman named Count Zrinyi was attacked at his small castle by a force of almost 100,000 men. Zrini had no chance of survival in the face of this attack. In the moments before he was killed, however, instead of attempting to flee for his life or fight against the enemy, he put on his finest attire, hung a heavy gold chain around his neck, and stuffed his pockets full of gold coins. He then flung open the doors of the castle and charged into a suicide death. This story is used in the textbook to make the point that ____.

Accepted Answer

The story of Count Zrinyi is used to illustrate the idea that some individuals place great emphasis on their self-presentation and may prioritize it over their own survival. Zrinyi's decision to put on his finest clothes and adorn himself with gold before charging into battle suggests that he may have cared more about how he appeared in death than about prolonging his own life.

Question 16

According to the text, without society, the self would ____.

Accepted Answer

The text suggests that society plays a crucial role in shaping the self and without it, the self would not exist in its full form. This is evident from the line "The self exists in relation to society and is shaped by its cultural norms and values" which implies that the self is not purely independent and cannot exist fully without society.

Question 17

In the three-part structure of the self, the agent self serves ____.

Accepted Answer

The agent self serves as an executive function, meaning it is responsible for decision-making and initiating actions. It is not related to public or interpersonal functions, and while it may contribute to the self-concept, it is not solely focused on self-awareness or self-perception.

Question 18

As discussed in the textbook, the idea of an inner "true" self (a self that may not be explicitly apparent or reflected in outward behavior) may have its origins in ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of As discussed in the textbook, the idea...

Question 19

Suppose that you are trying to quit smoking, but that you are having trouble doing so. When you stop to think about why you might be having so much trouble (i.e., when you try to analyze what your resistance is to quitting), you are relying on ____.

Accepted Answer

Relying on self-knowledge means analyzing one's own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to gain insight into oneself. In this scenario, the individual is reflecting on their own resistance to quitting smoking, which falls under the category of self-knowledge. The other options (B, C, and D) do not fit the context of the scenario as well as self-knowledge.

Question 20

In the three-part structure of the self, the interpersonal self involves ____.

Accepted Answer

The interpersonal self involves how we present ourselves to others, the social roles we play, and how we see ourselves as a partner in relationships. Self-awareness and self-deception fall under the intrapersonal self, and self-esteem and self-concept can be viewed as aspects of both the intrapersonal and interpersonal selves. Self as decision-maker and active respondent relate more to the agentive self.

Quiz 3: The Self