Question 1

What is the first step in Kotter's eight-stage model of transformational change?

Accepted Answer

The first step in Kotter's eight-stage model is to establish a sense of urgency, which helps to create a compelling reason for change and get people on board with the need for transformational change.

Question 2

According to Jeffrey Pfeffer and Robert Sutton, which of the following is one of the four steps to be taken by change managers in order to ensure fast and effective change?

Accepted Answer

According to Jeffrey Pfeffer and Robert Sutton, one of the four steps to be taken by change managers in order to ensure fast and effective change is to engage in relentless communication in order to direct staff. This involves constantly communicating the goals and direction of the change to staff in a clear and effective manner. Option A is incorrect because ensuring staff satisfaction with the status quo would not facilitate change, option B is incorrect because focusing on blame would not be productive, and option D is incorrect because withholding information about monetary uncertainties would breed mistrust and uncertainty among staff.

Question 3

The contingency change management approach is underpinned by the _____ image of managing change.

Accepted Answer

The contingency change management approach is underpinned by the "director" image of managing change, which emphasizes control and the ability to direct change processes based on situational variables.

Question 4

Which of the following is the main difference between Prosci's ADKAR change model and McKinsey's change checklist approach?

Accepted Answer

The main difference between Prosci's ADKAR change model and McKinsey's change checklist approach is that McKinsey's approach places more emphasis on leadership and management behaviors, while ADKAR focuses more on the individuals who will be involved in and affected by the change. McKinsey's approach also emphasizes the need to change one person at a time, rather than focusing on a broader organizational change plan as ADKAR does.

Question 5

_____ change theorists and practitioners take an "it depends" approach in which the style of change, especially the style of leadership, is dependent on the scale of the proposed change and the readiness of the staff to receive it.

Accepted Answer

Contingency change theorists and practitioners believe that the approach to change should be contingent upon various factors such as the scale of the proposed change and the readiness of the staff to receive it. They adopt an "it depends" approach in which the chosen style of change, particularly the style of leadership, is tailored to the specific situation and context.

Question 6

Process theories see change unfolding over time in a messy and iterative way and thus rely more heavily on the image of a change manager as a(n)_____.

Accepted Answer

Process theories view change as a complex and continuous process that requires a manager to navigate through uncertainties, setbacks, and feedback. Therefore, the image of a change manager as a navigator who guides the organization towards the desired change is more appropriate than a director, interpreter, or caretaker.

Question 7

Which of the following is a True statement about the duration, integrity, commitment, and effort (DICE) model developed by the Boston Consulting Group?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a True...

Question 8

In the context of Kurt Lewin's stage model of change management, which of the following is involved in the unfreezing stage?

Accepted Answer

The unfreezing stage in Lewin's model involves creating awareness about the need for change and making people uncomfortable with the status quo. This is done by changing attitudes and beliefs to help individuals realize the need for change.

Question 9

What is the final step in Kotter's eight-stage model of transformational change?

Accepted Answer

The final step in Kotter's eight-stage model of transformational change is institutionalizing new approaches. This involves embedding the changes made into the organization's culture and practices, so they are sustained and become the new norm.

Question 10

In the context of Kurt Lewin's stage model of change management, embedding or institutionalizing the new behaviors to prevent people from drifting back to previous ways of doing things is called:

Accepted Answer

Refreezing is the stage in Lewin's model where the new behaviors and changes are institutionalized or embedded to prevent people from drifting back to their previous ways of doing things. Therefore, option D is the best choice. Option A, moving, refers to the second stage of the model where the change is initiated, and option B, approaching, is not a term used in Lewin's model. Option C, unfreezing, is the first stage where individuals and organizations are prepared for the change.

Question 11

Which of the following companies developed the awareness, desire, knowledge, ability, and reinforcement (ADKAR) model of change?

Accepted Answer

Prosci is known for developing the ADKAR model of change, which is a widely used framework for managing and implementing change in organizations. Apple, McKinsey, and Gartner are not specifically known for developing this model.

Question 12

Which of the following is a probable reason for the popularity of the checklist approach with professional bodies and management consultancies?

Accepted Answer

The checklist approach provides a structured and codified management process which helps in managing the otherwise complex process of change. This appeals to professional bodies and management consultancies as it can bring consistency and predictability to their work.

Question 13

Which of the following is one of "the seven Cs of change" developed by the UK Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development?

Accepted Answer

"Capturing learning" is one of the seven Cs of change developed by the UK Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. The other Cs include clarity of objectives, coherence, consistency, communication, consultation, and collaboration.

Question 14

Which of the following is one of the four factors in the DICE model developed by the Boston Consulting Group as part of the change by checklist approach?

Accepted Answer

Commitment is one of the four factors in the DICE model developed by the Boston Consulting Group as part of the change by checklist approach. The other factors are Duration, Integrity, and Effort.

Question 15

According to Kotter's eight-stage model of transformational change, during the stage in which management would ensure that there is a powerful change group to guide the change, the actions taken would include:

Accepted Answer

During the second stage of Kotter's model, forming a powerful guiding coalition is key. This involves ensuring that there is a group of key players who are committed to achieving the vision of the organization and who have the necessary expertise and influence to lead the change effort. This group should be diverse and include representatives from different parts of the organization. The goal is to create a sense of ownership and commitment to the change effort throughout the organization.

Question 16

According to the text, which of the following is the main reason for British Airways employees going on a strike in 2003?

Accepted Answer

The text clearly states that British Airways employees went on strike in 2003 "in protest against the introduction of swipe cards for electronic clocking-in". None of the other options are mentioned in the text.

Question 17

Which of the following laws that states that change often looks like a failure in the middle is invoked by Kurt Lewin's second stage of change?

Accepted Answer

Kanter's law states that "change often looks like a failure in the middle," which is directly related to the second stage of change in Kurt Lewin's change theory. This stage, known as the "unfreezing" stage, involves destabilizing the current state and preparing individuals for the upcoming change. During this stage, people may feel unease and discomfort, which can make the change appear like a failure in progress.

Question 18

Which of the following is a limitation of the processual perspective of change?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a limitation...

Question 19

The processual approaches is similar to contingency theory in that both assume that:

Accepted Answer

Both processual approaches and contingency theory emphasize that change is not a one-time event but rather an ongoing process that unfolds over time and varies according to the specific context within which the organization finds itself. They also acknowledge that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to managing change, and that different strategies may be needed to address different situations.

Question 20

According to the text, which of the following is a strength of the processual perspective on change?

Accepted Answer

The text states that a strength of the processual perspective on change is that it recognizes the complexity of change, draws attention to the interaction between many factors at different levels, and shapes the nature, direction, and consequences of change. Option A accurately summarizes this point. Option B is incorrect because the text explicitly states that the processual perspective does not view change as a static or time-bounded event. Option C is incorrect because it does not reflect the emphasis of the processual perspective on the larger social and organizational context of change. Option D is incorrect because the processual perspective does not portray individuals involved in change as proactive "movers and shakers" in a broad sequence of events, but rather as embedded within a complex web of interactions and processes.

Quiz 10: Change Management, Processual, and Contingency Approaches