Question 1

An infection of the uterus that spreads to the tubes as well as to the ovaries and surrounding tissues is called ________.
A) pelvic inflammatory disease
B) endometriosis
C) gonorrhea
D) chlamydia

Accepted Answer

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a serious infection of the female reproductive organs that can spread to the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, causing inflammation and damage to these organs. PID is usually caused by sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhea and chlamydia. Endometriosis is a different condition in which the tissue that normally lines the uterus grows outside of it, causing pain and other symptoms. Gonorrhea and chlamydia are both sexually transmitted infections that can cause PID, but they are not synonymous with PID itself.

Question 2

Mark believes that micro-level factors are primarily responsible for delayed or postponed parenthood.However, Carlos disagrees and is of the opinion that macro-level factors actually delay parenthood.Which of the following is an accurate statement that will strengthen Carlos's view?
A) Attitudes about the "ideal" family size have changed, resulting in less pressure to have more than two children.
B) Women who enjoy their jobs and need money to boost their household income are often reluctant to take on balancing child rearing and paid work.
C) Daunting jobs and careers make it more difficult to meet prospective.
D) Advances in reproductive technology have reduced many women's concerns about their biological clock and finding a mate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mark believes that micro-level factors are primarily...

Question 3

Which of the following can cause male infertility?
A) chlamydia
B) endometriosis
C) endocrine disorders
D) pelvic inflammatory disease

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following can cause male...

Question 4

During a debate about birthrates, Charlie is of the opinion that prenatal care affects birth rates.However, his colleague Randy disagrees and states that the receipt of prenatal care does not impact birth rates.Which of the following is an accurate statement that weakens Randy's argument?
A) Women who receive prenatal care during their third trimester are less likely to opt for future births.
B) Women who get prenatal care after the first trimester are more likely to have a second child within 18 months than those who get prenatal care early in pregnancy.
C) Women who receive prenatal care early in pregnancy are more likely to have at least two or more children.
D) Women in many African American societies are increasingly receiving more prenatal care during their second trimester and hence are less likely to have children for another 24 months.

Accepted Answer

The statement weakens Randy's argument by showing that the timing of prenatal care can impact birth rates. If women who receive prenatal care after the first trimester are more likely to have a second child within 18 months than those who receive care early in pregnancy, it suggests that prenatal care may play a role in encouraging women to have more children, and therefore impact birth rates.

Question 5

Ross believes that micro-level factors are typically responsible for delayed or postponed parenthood.However, Ryan disagrees and is of the opinion that macro-level factors typically contribute to postponed parenthood.Which of the following is an accurate statement that will strengthen Ryan's view?
A) Attitudes about the "ideal" family size have changed, resulting in less pressure to have more than two children.
B) Many single women don't want to conceive or adopt a child on their own.
C) The United States-especially compared with many European countries-has abysmal family leave policies, and rigid work schedules.
D) Women who enjoy their jobs and need money to boost their household income are often reluctant to take on balancing child rearing and paid work.

Accepted Answer

This option highlights a macro-level factor, specifically the lack of adequate family leave policies and rigid work schedules in the United States, which can contribute to postponed parenthood as individuals struggle to balance work and child-rearing responsibilities. Options A, B, and D are all more focused on individual-level factors rather than macro-level factors.

Question 6

Which of the following is true of infertility?
A) Men are more likely than women to be infertile.
B) Women are more likely than men to be infertile.
C) About one-fourth of infertility cases are diagnosed as having idiopathic infertility.
D) Infertility affects about 50 percent of all couples of reproductive age.

Accepted Answer

About one-fourth of infertility cases are diagnosed as having idiopathic infertility, which means the cause is unknown.

Answer: D
 Infertility affects about 50 percent of all couples of reproductive age, which means it is a common issue that affects both men and women. Option A and B are incorrect as infertility can affect both genders.

Question 7

How do African American women or teens differ from Latinas with regard to using contraceptives?
A) African American women have lesser percentage of unintended births than their Latina counterparts.
B) African American women between the ages of 15 to 44 are less likely to use contraceptives than their Latina counterparts.
C) Never married African American teens are less likely to have used contraceptives in their last sexual intercourse when compared to their Latina counterparts.
D) African American women living on low income are more likely to use contraceptives than Latinas living on high-income.

Accepted Answer

African American women between the ages of 15 to 44 are generally less likely to use contraceptives compared to their Latina counterparts.

Question 8

Samantha, a pregnant wife, found that she was set to have septuplets.However, she feared that she would be unable to support all her children financially and decided to undergo an operation that would abort some fetuses.In this scenario, Samantha is undergoing a procedure known as ________.
A) egg freezing
B) artificial insemination
C) surrogacy
D) selective reduction

Accepted Answer

Selective reduction is a procedure where one or more fetuses are selectively aborted while leaving the others to reduce the number of multiple pregnancies. In this scenario, Samantha is undergoing a selective reduction procedure due to financial constraints in supporting all her septuplets. Options A, B, and C are not applicable in this scenario. Egg freezing is a process where a woman's eggs are frozen and stored for future fertilization, artificial insemination is a process where sperm is artificially introduced into a woman's uterus to facilitate fertilization, and surrogacy is a process where another woman carries and gives birth to a child for a couple who cannot conceive.

Question 9

Tyler was diagnosed with a bacterial STD known as the "silent epidemic." However, doctors concurred that a strong dosage of antibiotics would cure Tyler.Which of the following did Tyler most likely incur?
A) chlamydia
B) herpes
C) endometriosis
D) PID

Accepted Answer

Chlamydia is often referred to as the "silent epidemic" because the majority of infected individuals show no symptoms. It is a treatable bacterial STD and can be cured with antibiotics, which is consistent with the information given in the scenario. Herpes, endometriosis, and PID are not curable with antibiotics, nor are they commonly referred to as the "silent epidemic."

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of assisted reproductive technology (ART)?
A) in vitro fertilization
B) chorionic villus sampling 
C) fertility drug use
D) amniocentesis

Accepted Answer

In vitro fertilization is an example of assisted reproductive technology, which involves fertilization of an egg outside the body and transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. Choice B (chorionic villus sampling) and choice D (amniocentesis) are prenatal diagnostic tests, not ART procedures. Choice C (fertility drug use) may be used to enhance fertility in natural conception, but it is not an ART procedure.

Question 11

Which of the following is a likely consequence of lower rates of contraceptive use among African American women?
A) The African American population has the lowest rates of abortion.
B) There has been an increase in the rates of unintended childbearing in the African American population.
C) The effect of marriage squeeze is found to be lowest in the African American population.
D) There has been an increase in the number of married couples in the African American population.

Accepted Answer

Lower rates of contraceptive use among African American women are likely to lead to an increase in unintended childbearing. This can have various negative consequences on the individuals' health, economic opportunities, and overall well-being, as well as on the society as a whole. It is important to promote access to and education on effective contraceptive methods to address this issue. The other options in the question are not directly related to the lower rates of contraceptive use among African American women.

Question 12

Which of the following is true of in vitro fertilization?
A) It always requires a surrogate mother in order to be carried out.
B) It requires the surgical removal of eggs from a woman's ovaries.
C) It has very low rates for multiple births.
D) It involves storing unfertilized eggs for future use.

Accepted Answer

In vitro fertilization (IVF) involves the surgical removal of eggs from a woman's ovaries, which are then fertilized with sperm in a laboratory dish before being implanted in the woman's uterus. IVF may or may not involve a surrogate mother, and it is often associated with higher rates of multiple births. While some women choose to store unfertilized eggs for future use, this is not a necessary part of the IVF process.

Question 13

)In which of the following diseases does the tissue that forms the lining of the uterus spread outside the womb and attach itself to other pelvic organs, such as the ovaries or the fallopian tubes?
A) endometriosis
B) chlamydia
C) HIV
D) herpes

Accepted Answer

This disease is endometriosis, which occurs when tissue that normally lines the uterus grows outside the uterus and attaches to other organs in the pelvic region. The result can be pain, scarring, and infertility. Chlamydia, HIV, and herpes are all sexually transmitted infections that do not involve the spread of uterine tissue outside the uterus.

Question 14

Which of the following is a macro-level factor that contributes to changing birthrates?
A) Postponing marriage decreases birthrates.
B) Economic recessions tend to decrease birthrates because of unemployment.
C) Social contexts such as education have a great effect on birthrates.
D) Birth spacing, or how often women have babies, also affects birthrates.

Accepted Answer

Economic recessions tend to decrease birthrates because of unemployment. This is a macro-level factor as it affects the entire population and is not specific to individual choices or behaviors. The other options involve individual-level choices or behaviors, such as postponing marriage or birth spacing.

Question 15

________ is the prevention of pregnancy by behavioral, mechanical, or chemical means.
A) Pre-natalization
B) Fertilization
C) Contraception
D) Post-natalization

Accepted Answer

Contraception refers to the use of various methods to prevent the fertilization of an egg by sperm, thus preventing pregnancy. This can include behavioral methods, such as abstinence or natural family planning, mechanical methods like condoms or diaphragms, and chemical methods like birth control pills or hormonal injections. Pre-natalization and post-natalization are not related to preventing pregnancy, while fertilization is the process by which an egg is penetrated by sperm to form a zygote.

Question 16

Which of the following is a micro-level reason why people postpone childbearing?
A) the fear of being a single, working mom
B) the rise in divorce rates across all populations of the country
C) the difficulty in finding a suitable job to sustain a family
D) the lack of a national child care program

Accepted Answer

Fear of being a single, working mom is a micro-level reason because it refers to an individual's personal concerns and circumstances rather than broader societal trends or policies.

Question 17

Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning how micro-level factors lead to postponed parenthood?
A) Daunting jobs and careers make it more difficult to meet prospective mates.
B) A number of national studies show that the higher a woman's education level, the more likely she is to delay childbearing.
C) Many young adults are delaying marriage and having children because they have high college and credit card debts.
D) Disturbed by high divorce rates, some young couples delay parenthood until they feel confident that their marriage will work.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an accurate...

Question 18

Due to her husband's infertility, Lily had to opt for a medical procedure in which she was fertilized with a donor's sperm while she was ovulating.In this scenario, Lily is undergoing ________.
A) caesarean section
B) surrogacy
C) fertility drugging
D) artificial insemination

Accepted Answer

Lily is undergoing artificial insemination, which involves the fertilization of her eggs using donor sperm in a medical facility. Caesarean section is a surgical procedure to deliver a baby. Surrogacy involves implanting an embryo in another woman's uterus to carry and deliver a baby. Fertility drugging refers to the use of medication to stimulate ovulation or sperm production.

Question 19

Which of the following is true of unintended pregnancies?
A) Majority of pregnancies in the United States are unintended.
B) Repeated unintended childbearing has increased among black women.
C) The fathers of unintended pregnancies typically tend to be more engaged with their toddlers.
D) They are relatively rare among women between the ages of 20 and 29.

Accepted Answer

Repeated unintended childbearing has indeed increased among black women, reflecting disparities in access to family planning resources and education. The other statements are inaccurate: unintended pregnancies are not the majority in the United States, fathers of unintended pregnancies are generally less engaged, and unintended pregnancies are actually quite common among women aged 20 to 29.

Question 20

In a ________ birth, the baby is less than 37 weeks compared with 39 to 41 weeks for a full-term birth.
A) surrogate
B) vaginal
C) caesarean
D) pre-term

Accepted Answer

A pre-term birth is when the baby is born before 37 weeks of gestation, which is earlier than a full-term birth (which is typically between 39 and 41 weeks). The other options (surrogate, vaginal, and caesarean) are not relevant to the timing of the birth.

Quiz 11: To Be or Not to Be a Parent: More Choices, More Constraints

An infection of the uterus that spreads to the tubes as well as to the ovaries and surrounding tissues is called ________.

Mark believes that micro-level factors are primarily responsible for delayed or postponed parenthood.However, Carlos disagrees and is of the opinion that macro-level factors actually delay parenthood.Which of the following is an accurate statement that will strengthen Carlos's view?

Which of the following can cause male infertility?

During a debate about birthrates, Charlie is of the opinion that prenatal care affects birth rates.However, his colleague Randy disagrees and states that the receipt of prenatal care does not impact birth rates.Which of the following is an accurate statement that weakens Randy's argument?

Ross believes that micro-level factors are typically responsible for delayed or postponed parenthood.However, Ryan disagrees and is of the opinion that macro-level factors typically contribute to postponed parenthood.Which of the following is an accurate statement that will strengthen Ryan's view?

Which of the following is true of infertility?

How do African American women or teens differ from Latinas with regard to using contraceptives?

Samantha, a pregnant wife, found that she was set to have septuplets.However, she feared that she would be unable to support all her children financially and decided to undergo an operation that would abort some fetuses.In this scenario, Samantha is undergoing a procedure known as ________.

Tyler was diagnosed with a bacterial STD known as the "silent epidemic." However, doctors concurred that a strong dosage of antibiotics would cure Tyler.Which of the following did Tyler most likely incur?

Which of the following is an example of assisted reproductive technology (ART) ?

Which of the following is a likely consequence of lower rates of contraceptive use among African American women?

Which of the following is true of in vitro fertilization?

) In which of the following diseases does the tissue that forms the lining of the uterus spread outside the womb and attach itself to other pelvic organs, such as the ovaries or the fallopian tubes?

Which of the following is a macro-level factor that contributes to changing birthrates?

________ is the prevention of pregnancy by behavioral, mechanical, or chemical means.

Which of the following is a micro-level reason why people postpone childbearing?

Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning how micro-level factors lead to postponed parenthood?

Due to her husband's infertility, Lily had to opt for a medical procedure in which she was fertilized with a donor's sperm while she was ovulating.In this scenario, Lily is undergoing ________.

Which of the following is true of unintended pregnancies?

In a ________ birth, the baby is less than 37 weeks compared with 39 to 41 weeks for a full-term birth.