Question 1

Evidence from fMRI studies indicates that people show similar patterns of activity in the brain when viewing objects as they do when ________ the objects.

Accepted Answer

fMRI studies have shown that when people view objects, there is a specific pattern of activity in different parts of the brain. Interestingly, when people are asked to visualize the same objects without actually seeing them, they show a similar pattern of brain activity. This suggests that the brain may use similar neural representations for both visual perception and mental imagery. The other answer choices (talking about, thinking about the names of, and avoiding thinking about) may also involve some level of visualizing, but they are not as directly related to the pattern of brain activity seen when viewing objects.

Question 2

Damage to brain areas needed for vision

Accepted Answer

Damage to brain areas needed for vision can disrupt both visual perception and visualizing. Therefore, it is likely to have disruptive effects for visualizing similar to the disruption observed for visual perception.

Question 3

Chronometric studies

Accepted Answer

Chronometric studies involve measuring the time it takes to complete a mental process, making choice A the correct answer. The other choices are incorrect as they do not accurately describe chronometric studies.

Question 4

Bradley suffers from the pattern termed "visual neglect." He is asked to imagine that he is looking at the front of his home and to describe everything he can see.His response will be

Accepted Answer

Visual neglect is a condition where the individual has difficulty attending to the visual stimuli on one side of the body or environment. In Bradley's case, he would have difficulty attending to the visual stimuli on the left side of his environment. Therefore, his response would be more detailed for the right side of the scene.

Question 5

Bobby wants to be a "good participant" in an experiment,so he tries to perform in a way that will impress the experimenter.Bobby is sensitive to the experiment's

Accepted Answer

Bobby's behavior is influenced by the demand characteristics of the experiment, which refer to the cues or expectations that may influence participants' behavior. Bobby is trying to perform in a way that will impress the experimenter, indicating that he is sensitive to these cues. Therefore, the best choice is A, demand character. The other options (B, C, and D) are not relevant to Bobby's behavior in this scenario.

Question 6

A researcher asks a participant to memorize a city map.On the map,the library and the school are 2 inches apart;the school and the hospital are 4 inches apart.The researcher now instructs the participant to form an image of the map and to scan from the library to the school.The researcher then asks the participant to scan from the school to the hospital.It is most likely true that the scanning time from the school to the hospital is ________ the scanning time between the library and the school.

Accepted Answer

The distance between the school and the hospital is twice as much as the distance between the library and the school. Therefore, it will take the participant twice as long to scan from the school to the hospital compared to scanning from the library to the school.

Question 7

In some studies,participants have been asked to visualize a particular stimulus (e.g. ,the letter A).If the same stimulus is then presented at low contrast,the prior visualization

Accepted Answer

Prior visualization serves to prime perception of the stimulus, making it more likely that participants will correctly identify the low-contrast stimulus. This effect is referred to as perceptual priming.

Question 8

In some cases,participants (often unknowingly)change their responses to what they think the experimenter is looking for.Here participants are said to be sensitive to the ________ of the experiment.

Accepted Answer

Demand characteristics refer to cues in the experiment that might reveal the experimenter's hypothesis or expected outcome, which could influence participants to respond in a certain way to match the experimenter's expectations. This can lead to distorted results and affect the internal validity of the study.

Question 9

Matt is shown pictures of two three-dimensional shapes and asked to determine if the shapes are identical,but simply viewed from different angles.Answering this question requires Matt to imagine one of the shapes rotating into (possible)alignment with the other.Which of the following statements about Matt's task is true?

Accepted Answer

There is a well-documented phenomenon in cognitive psychology known as mental rotation, where individuals mentally rotate one object to see if it matches another object. The reaction time increases systematically with the angle of rotation required, indicating a direct correlation between the degree of rotation and the time it takes to perform the task.

Question 10

If participants are asked to form a visual image of an object,such as a dog,information that will be prominent in the mental image

Accepted Answer

The answer of If participants are asked to form a...

Question 11

Studies of mental rotation indicate that

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently shown that mental rotation time increases as the degree of rotation required increases. This suggests that mental rotation involves a continuous process, rather than a simple comparison of images. Option A is false as participants are able to imagine rotation in depth as well. Option C might be true in some cases, but mental rotation is not avoided entirely. Option D is false as imagined rotation in depth takes longer than imagined rotation in two dimensions.

Question 12

In a study by Segal and Fusella,participants were asked to visualize one stimulus while attempting to detect a different,rather faint,signal that was either visual or auditory in nature.The data indicate that the activity of visualization

Accepted Answer

The study found that visualization disrupted the detection of a visual signal but had less impact on the detection of an auditory signal. This suggests that visualizing a stimulus may interfere with processing of visual information, but may not have as much impact on processing of auditory information.

Question 13

When participants are asked to report on their imagery experience,we discover that

Accepted Answer

Participants differ widely in how they describe their imagery experience. This is because the subjective experience of mental imagery is highly influenced by individual differences in cognitive and perceptual abilities, personal experiences, and cultural background. Some people may have very vivid and detailed mental images, while others may experience more abstract or schematic representations. Therefore, it is challenging to draw general conclusions about the nature of mental imagery based solely on self-report measures.

Question 14

The technique of transcranial magnetic stimulation employs strong magnetic pulses at a particular site on the scalp.When this technique is applied to the scalp near Area V1,the effect is

Accepted Answer

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive procedure that uses magnetic pulses to stimulate specific areas of the brain. When TMS is applied to the scalp near Area V1, the primary visual cortex, it can temporarily disrupt vision and visual imagery. This is because TMS can interfere with the normal electrical activity of neurons in Area V1, which is responsible for processing visual information.

Question 15

A psychologist asks her experimental participants to describe their experiences using mental imagery.The psychologist is collecting

Accepted Answer

Self-report data is collected when participants report their own experiences, attitudes, or beliefs. In this case, the psychologist is asking participants to describe their experiences using mental imagery, which would be considered self-report data. Choice A is incorrect because sentence verification results are typically used in language processing experiments, not imagery experiments. Choice C is incorrect because chronometric evidence involves measuring the time it takes for participants to complete a task, which is not necessarily relevant to this experiment. Choice D is incorrect because converging evidence involves using multiple sources of data to support a hypothesis, which is not necessarily relevant to this experiment.

Question 16

Participants are given a task that requires them to zoom in on a mental image in order to inspect a detail.Evidence indicates that

Accepted Answer

The statement "the greater the distance to be zoomed, the more time is required" indicates that the more someone needs to focus on a particular detail or zoom in on a mental image, the longer it will take them to do so. This is likely due to the cognitive effort required to adjust one's focus and attention.

Question 17

One group of participants (Group 1)is instructed to imagine a cat,and the participants are then asked several yes/no questions about their image.A second group of participants (Group 2)is instructed simply to think about cats,with no mention of imagery,and the participants are then asked the same yes/no questions.We expect that participants in Group 1 will respond more quickly than participants in Group 2 to which of the following questions?

Accepted Answer

Participants in Group 1, who are instructed to imagine a cat, are likely to respond more quickly to questions about prominent and easily visualized features, such as the cat having a head.

Question 18

Which of the following claims is true for a depiction of a cat but NOT for a description of a cat?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following claims is true...

Question 19

Studies of image scanning indicate that

Accepted Answer

Studies on image scanning have shown that there is a linear relationship between the distances scanned and the times it takes to scan those distances, indicating that scanning time increases in a predictable manner as distance increases.

Question 20

Studies of moment-by-moment brain activity indicate that

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that when individuals are visualizing, there is high activity in many brain regions crucial for visual perception, showing that visualization and actual vision overlap in terms of brain activity.

Quiz 11: Visual Knowledg