Question 1

Infants who show avoidant attachment:​

Accepted Answer

Infants who show avoidant attachment play without fuss when alone and ignore their mothers upon reunion. They seem indifferent to their mother's presence and do not seek comfort from her when distressed.

Question 2

Which of the following is true of secure infants participating in the Strange Situation method of assessing attachment?​

Accepted Answer

Secure infants in the Strange Situation method actively seek interaction and are quickly soothed upon reunion with their mother, demonstrating a secure attachment style. They may show some distress upon separation but are able to be comforted when reunited with their mother. Option A describes the behavior of disorganized infants, Option B describes the behavior of ambivalent-resistant infants, and Option C describes the behavior of avoidant infants.

Question 3

In Kochanska's study on emotional development, resistant children were found to be most fearful and they frequently responded with distress even in episodes designed to evoke joy.

Accepted Answer

Kochanska's study found that resistant children were most fearful and frequently responded with distress even in episodes designed to evoke joy.

Question 4

Difficult children in general are at greater risk for developing psychological disorders and adjustment problems later in life.

Accepted Answer

Difficult children may have difficulty regulating their emotions and behaviors, leading to difficulties in social interactions and relationships. This can contribute to a higher risk for developing psychological disorders and adjustment problems later in life. However, it is important to note that not all difficult children will develop these issues and early intervention and support can greatly improve outcomes.

Question 5

Contact comfort is the pleasure derived from physical contact with another.

Accepted Answer

Contact comfort is a real phenomenon that has been observed in both humans and animals. It is also sometimes referred to as "skin hunger" or "touch starvation" when individuals experience a lack of physical touch and crave it.

Question 6

The easy child has irregular sleep and feeding schedules.

Accepted Answer

The easy child typically has regular sleep and feeding schedules, while irregular schedules may be signs of a more difficult temperament.

Question 7

Emotional abuse involves failure to provide adequate nurturance and emotional support.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Emotional abuse involves failure to provide adequate...

Question 8

Adults, especially fathers, show more positive reactions when girls play with boys' toys and boys play with girls' toys.

Accepted Answer

Research and societal observations often indicate that there is generally more acceptance for girls playing with traditionally "boys'" toys (like trucks or action figures) than for boys playing with traditionally "girls'" toys (like dolls or kitchen sets), reflecting underlying gender norms and stereotypes.

Question 9

In the mirror technique designed to assess the development of self-concept among infants, nose touching suggests that children recognize themselves and that they perceive that the dot of rouge is an abnormality.

Accepted Answer

Nose touching in the mirror technique is considered an indication that the infant recognizes themselves and perceives the mark on their face as unusual, which suggests the development of self-awareness and self-concept.

Question 10

Which of the following methods was developed by Mary Ainsworth to measure the development of attachment in infants?​

Accepted Answer

The Strange Situation method was developed by Mary Ainsworth to measure the development of attachment in infants. This involved observing the reaction of infants to a series of separations and reunions with their caregiver in a novel environment.

Question 11

The Strange Situation method assesses:​

Accepted Answer

The Strange Situation method is specifically designed to assess how an infant responds when the mother leaves the room and when she comes back. It is used to evaluate attachment styles in infants and young children.

Question 12

According to Kochanska's study on emotional development, at 33 months of age, securely attached children were more likely to show fear and anger when they were exposed to situations designed to elicit these emotions.

Accepted Answer

Kochanska's study on emotional development found that securely attached children were less likely to show fear and anger in situations designed to elicit these emotions, indicating better emotional regulation associated with secure attachment.

Question 13

Which of the following types of attachment is characterized by severe distress at leave-takings and ambivalent behavior at reunions?​

Accepted Answer

Resistant attachment is characterized by severe distress at leave-takings and ambivalent behavior at reunions. The child in this attachment style is difficult to soothe after separation and may show anger or resistance towards the caregiver upon their return.

Question 14

Abused children show a low incidence of personal and social problems and psychological disorders.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Abused children are at a higher risk for personal and social problems as well as psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Question 15

Physiologically, when emotions are strong, our hearts beat less rapidly.

Accepted Answer

Strong emotions cause an increase in heart rate due to the release of adrenaline and other stress hormones.

Question 16

Infants who display disorganized-disoriented attachment may show contradictory behaviors, such as moving toward the mother while looking away from her.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Infants with disorganized-disoriented attachment may exhibit inconsistent or contradictory behaviors, such as moving toward their caregiver while avoiding eye contact, looking fearful or confused, freezing, or displaying unusual or bizarre behaviors. This type of attachment is often the result of trauma, abuse, neglect, or inconsistent parenting.

Question 17

Children from high-quality day-care centers are less likely to be disruptive than children cared for in the home.

Accepted Answer

The behavior of children can be influenced by various factors, and the quality of care, whether at home or in a day-care center, can vary widely. There is no definitive evidence that children from high-quality day-care centers are universally less disruptive than those cared for at home.

Question 18

Fathers are more likely to play games involving toys, and patty-cake and peek-a-boo with their children, whereas mothers often engage in rough-and-tumble play with their children.

Accepted Answer

Research generally shows that fathers are more likely to engage in rough-and-tumble play with their children, while mothers are more likely to play games involving toys and activities like patty-cake and peek-a-boo.

Question 19

Mutism is a disorder characterized by extreme aloneness, communication problems, preservation of sameness, and ritualistic behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mutism is a disorder characterized by extreme...

Question 20

Children with stranger anxiety are less fearful when they are in familiar surroundings, such as their homes, rather than in the laboratory.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Children with stranger anxiety tend to feel more comfortable and less fearful when they are in familiar surroundings, such as their homes or other familiar environments. In contrast, they may feel more anxious and fearful when they are in unfamiliar or unfamiliar settings, such as a laboratory or unfamiliar room.

Quiz 6: Infancy: Social and Emotional Development