Question 1

Which alternative matches a hormone with the correct function

Accepted Answer

Estrogen is involved in the development of female sex features such as breast development, widening of hips, and development of reproductive organs. Melatonin is involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles, noradrenaline is a neurotransmitter that regulates the sympathetic nervous system, and progesterone is involved in regulating the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.

Question 2

Suppose a researcher finds a positive correlation between testosterone levels and aggressive behavior among a sample of adolescent boys.Based on this information,which of the following is the most specific conclusion of which we can be certain

Accepted Answer

The only conclusion that can be drawn from a positive correlation between two variables is that as one variable increases, so does the other. It is not possible to determine causality from correlational data alone. Therefore, options C and D cannot be considered certain conclusions. Option A is also not a valid conclusion as a positive correlation indicates a relationship between testosterone levels and aggression.

Question 3

Which statement most accurately captures the relationship between testosterone and aggression among men on the one hand and women on the other

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that testosterone is positively related to aggression in both men and women, indicating that higher levels of testosterone are associated with increased aggression in both genders.

Question 4

Which of the following sequences reflects the order in which nervous and endocrine system structures respond to the environment,from first to last

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus receives information from the environment and sends signals to the pituitary gland to release hormones. The pituitary gland then acts on the endocrine glands to release hormones into the bloodstream, which ultimately affect various target organs and tissues. Therefore, the correct order is hypothalamus → pituitary gland → endocrine glands.

Question 5

Afferent is to efferent as motor is to sensory.

Accepted Answer

Afferent is to sensory as efferent is to motor. Afferent neurons carry signals towards the central nervous system (sensory), while efferent neurons carry signals away from the central nervous system to effectors (motor).

Question 6

Somatic is to autonomic as _______ is to _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Somatic is to autonomic as _______ is...

Question 7

Erin is under stress: She has only a few minutes to make a connection at a large,busy airport - and the gate is in another terminal! Erin's ______ gland is releasing high levels of the hormone ______

Accepted Answer

Erin is experiencing a stressful situation, which triggers the release of the hormone noradrenalin. The adrenal gland is responsible for producing and releasing this hormone in response to stress. The pituitary gland produces and releases other hormones, but not noradrenalin. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

Question 8

Which of the following is a female sex hormone

Accepted Answer

Estrogen is a female sex hormone responsible for the development of female reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics. Testosterone is a male sex hormone, and GABA and serotonin are neurotransmitters.

Question 9

Which of the following is considered the 'master gland' of the endocrine system

Accepted Answer

The pituitary gland is considered the 'master gland' of the endocrine system because it secretes hormones that regulate the activity of other endocrine glands, as well as having direct effects on various organs and tissues throughout the body.

Question 10

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the nervous system and the endocrine system

Accepted Answer

The nervous system and endocrine system both play a role in regulating the body's functions. While the nervous system uses electrical signals, the endocrine system uses chemical messengers (hormones) to communicate with cells throughout the body. The two systems work together to maintain homeostasis and respond to internal and external stimuli.

Question 11

Dr.Frazier measures testosterone levels among a sample of professional athletes.Which term best describes the correlation she might find between testosterone levels and scores on measures of aggressive or antisocial behavior off the field,such as disciplinary suspensions,arrests,and so on

Accepted Answer

Dr. Frazier is examining the relationship between testosterone levels and measures of aggressive or antisocial behavior off the field. A positive correlation would indicate that higher testosterone levels are associated with higher levels of aggressive or antisocial behavior, such as disciplinary suspensions or arrests. Therefore, option D, positive, is the best choice. A weak correlation would indicate a low or negligible relationship, and a linear correlation would indicate a relationship that is best described by a straight line, neither of which is necessarily applicable to this scenario. A negative correlation would suggest that higher testosterone levels are associated with lower levels of aggressive or antisocial behavior, which seems unlikely given the research on testosterone and aggression.

Question 12

Excitation is to rest as ______ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

Excitation is related to the activation or arousal state, similar to the sympathetic nervous system's function, while rest corresponds to the calming or resting state, akin to the parasympathetic nervous system's role.

Question 13

Macrae et al.(2002)found that women better process male faces on days of their menstrual cycle associated with a high risk of conception than on days associated with a low risk of conception.Which potential follow-up finding would pose the greatest challenge for an evolutionary interpretation of Macrae et al.'s result

Accepted Answer

A) This finding would challenge the evolutionary interpretation by suggesting that the improved facial processing is not specific to potential mates (male faces) but is a more general enhancement in cognitive function during high-risk days, thus undermining the idea that this ability specifically evolved for mate selection.

Question 14

Macrae et al.(2002)found that women better process male faces on days of their menstrual cycle associated with a high risk of conception than on days associated with a low risk of conception.This result is most consistent with the _______ perspective in psychology.

Accepted Answer

The result of the study is most consistent with the evolutionary perspective in psychology, as it suggests that women have evolved to better process male faces during high-conception-risk days in order to increase their chances of finding a genetically suitable mate for reproduction.

Question 15

Which of the following alternatives correctly pairs an endocrine gland with its function

Accepted Answer

The pancreas is responsible for regulating sugar in the blood by producing insulin and glucagon. The thyroid gland (A) specifically produces hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development. The parathyroids (B) produce a hormone that regulates calcium levels in the blood. The adrenal glands (D) produce hormones that regulate stress responses and salt and water balance.

Question 16

Testosterone is to male as _______ is to female.

Accepted Answer

Testosterone is a male sex hormone while progesterone is a female sex hormone. Glucose and melatonin are not specific to either gender.

Question 17

The endocrine system influences:

Accepted Answer

The endocrine system is a collection of glands that produce hormones and regulate various physiological functions in the body. Hormones produced by the endocrine system can influence growth, metabolism, and reproduction, along with many other functions throughout the body. Therefore, the best choice is D, all of the above.

Question 18

Izzy's pupils are dilated and her heart is pounding; her breathing is shallow and rapid.Her _________ nervous system is active.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described (dilated pupils, rapid heartbeat, shallow breathing) are all indicative of the fight or flight response which is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system. The parasympathetic nervous system would have the opposite effect, causing slower heart rate and breathing, and constricted pupils. Autosympathetic and somatic are not recognized divisions of the nervous system.

Question 19

Which of the following situations is most likely to involve the action of the parasympathetic nervous system

Accepted Answer

After a satisfying meal, the body is in a relaxed state, which is the result of the parasympathetic nervous system activating the "rest and digest" response, slowing down heart rate and breathing, and conserving energy. This state is in contrast to the "fight or flight" response activated by the sympathetic nervous system in response to a potential danger, as in options B, C, and D.

Question 20

According to research reported in your text,levels of the hormone _________ are ________ correlated with crude,unruly,or violent behavior among fraternity members,juvenile delinquents,and prisoners.

Accepted Answer

The correct hormone in question is testosterone and the research shows a positive correlation between levels of testosterone and crude, unruly or violent behavior among fraternity members, juvenile delinquents, and prisoners. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Quiz 3: Social Psychology: Helping, Influence, and Obedience