Considering the pathophysiology of osteoporosis,which factors increase osteoprotegrin (OPG)production? A) Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß)and glucocorticoids B) Interleukin 1 (IL-1),prostaglandin E₂,and leukotrienes C) Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-),leptin,and 17 ß-estradiol D) Interleukin 8 (IL-8)and parathyroid hormone (PTH)

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Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-), leptin, and 17 ß-estradiol have been found to increase osteoprotegrin (OPG) production, which can help mitigate the effects of osteoclasts and thus protect against osteoporosis.

Considering the Pathophysiology of Osteoporosis,which Factors Increase Osteoprotegrin (OPG)production