Question 1

Which inflammatory mediators are active in frostbite?

Accepted Answer

Frostbite typically results in tissue damage and necrosis, which triggers the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, bradykinin, and thromboxanes. These mediators promote vasodilation, edema formation, and recruit immune cells to the affected area, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. Leukotrienes, serotonin, prostacyclin, lymphokines, fibrin, plasmin, and lysosomal compounds may also contribute to the pathophysiology of frostbite, but histamine, bradykinin, and thromboxanes are the primary mediators involved.

Question 2

_____ is a fungal infection of the nail plate.

Accepted Answer

Onychomycosis is specifically a fungal infection of the nail plate. The other options (Paronychia, Tinea corporis, and Tinea capitis) refer to different types of skin infections caused by bacteria or fungi, but not specifically affecting the nails.

Question 3

Which nevus is characterized by a small (less than 1 cm)lesion with regular edges and bristlelike hairs;colors change from skin tones to light brown;has a slight likelihood of developing into a melanoma?

Accepted Answer

This description matches an intradermal nevus, which is a small, raised, pigmented lesion with regular edges and may have fine hairs growing from it. The colors of the lesion may range from skin tones to light brown. Intradermal nevi have a slight likelihood of developing into a melanoma, but the risk is low compared to other types of nevi.

Question 4

Treatment for frostbite includes:

Accepted Answer

Frostbitten areas should be immersed in warm water (not hot) with a temperature of around 104-107°F. This will gradually warm up the affected tissues without causing further damage. Applying heat directly or rubbing/massaging the area can cause further tissue damage. The area should also be covered to protect it from rubbing and further exposure to cold.

Question 5

Women who develop hirsutism may be secreting hormones associated with:

Accepted Answer

Hirsutism is often associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which is characterized by an overproduction of androgens (male hormones) by the ovaries. This leads to symptoms such as irregular periods, acne, and excessive hair growth in women. Posterior pituitary adenoma, Cushing disease, and Addison disease may also cause hormonal imbalances, but they are less commonly associated with hirsutism.

Question 6

MATCHING
Match the descriptions of the skin lesions with the disorder where it is found.
-Psoriasis or seborrheic and actinic keratoses

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the descriptions of the skin lesions...

Question 7

MATCHING
Match the descriptions of the skin lesions with the disorder where it is found.
-Nevi (flat mole)

Accepted Answer

Nevi, or flat moles, are typically flat, circumscribed areas that are less than 1 cm in diameter, matching description C.

Question 8

Which malignancy is characterized by slow growing lesions that usually have depressed centers and rolled borders and are frequently located on the face and neck?

Accepted Answer

Basal cell carcinoma is characterized by slow growing lesions with depressed centers and rolled borders, and is frequently located on the face and neck. The other options are not typically described in this way.

Question 9

An older adult male states he has a sore above his lip that has not healed and is getting bigger.The nurse observes a red scaly patch with an ulcerated center and sharp margins.The nurse recognizes these features as commonly associated with:

Accepted Answer

The red scaly patch with an ulcerated center and sharp margins is a common description of squamous cell carcinoma. This type of skin cancer is more common in older adults and frequently develops in sun-exposed areas such as the face. It may appear as a persistent sore that does not heal or a scaly growth with an irregular border. Kaposi sarcoma and malignant melanoma can also present as skin lesions, but they typically have different characteristics. Basal cell carcinoma is also a type of skin cancer, but it presents differently than squamous cell carcinoma.

Question 10

The alteration of which gene is associated with basal cell carcinoma?

Accepted Answer

Basal cell carcinoma is commonly associated with mutations in the TP53 gene. The TP53 gene codes for a protein called p53, which normally functions to suppress the growth of abnormal or damaged cells. Mutations in TP53 can lead to a loss of this suppressive function, allowing abnormal cells to proliferate and giving rise to cancer. Mutations in other genes, such as PTCH1 and SMO, are also sometimes associated with basal cell carcinoma, but TP53 is the most commonly altered gene.

Question 11

Which cell is thought to be the progenitor cell of Kaposi sarcoma?

Accepted Answer

Kaposi sarcoma is believed to originate from the transformation of endothelial cells.

Question 12

MATCHING
Match the descriptions of the skin lesions with the disorder where it is found.
-Varicella (chickenpox),herpes zoster (shingles)

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the descriptions of the skin lesions...

Question 13

Why is aspirin given to patients being treated for frostbite?

Accepted Answer

Aspirin is given to patients being treated for frostbite to inhibit prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are chemicals that cause inflammation and pain. By inhibiting prostaglandins, aspirin can help to reduce inflammation and pain.

Question 14

MATCHING
Match the descriptions of the skin lesions with the disorder where it is found.
-Wart (verruca)or lichen planus

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the descriptions of the skin lesions...

Question 15

MATCHING
Match the descriptions of the skin lesions with the disorder where it is found.
-Urticaria,allergic reaction

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the descriptions of the skin lesions...

Quiz 42: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Which inflammatory mediators are active in frostbite?

_____ is a fungal infection of the nail plate.

Which nevus is characterized by a small (less than 1 cm) lesion with regular edges and bristlelike hairs;colors change from skin tones to light brown;has a slight likelihood of developing into a melanoma?

Treatment for frostbite includes:

Women who develop hirsutism may be secreting hormones associated with:

MATCHING Match the descriptions of the skin lesions with the disorder where it is found. -Psoriasis or seborrheic and actinic keratoses

MATCHING Match the descriptions of the skin lesions with the disorder where it is found. -Nevi (flat mole)

Which malignancy is characterized by slow growing lesions that usually have depressed centers and rolled borders and are frequently located on the face and neck?

An older adult male states he has a sore above his lip that has not healed and is getting bigger.The nurse observes a red scaly patch with an ulcerated center and sharp margins.The nurse recognizes these features as commonly associated with:

The alteration of which gene is associated with basal cell carcinoma?

Which cell is thought to be the progenitor cell of Kaposi sarcoma?

MATCHING Match the descriptions of the skin lesions with the disorder where it is found. -Varicella (chickenpox) ,herpes zoster (shingles)

Why is aspirin given to patients being treated for frostbite?

MATCHING Match the descriptions of the skin lesions with the disorder where it is found. -Wart (verruca) or lichen planus

MATCHING Match the descriptions of the skin lesions with the disorder where it is found. -Urticaria,allergic reaction