Question 1

Which of the following is a buffer zone between the outside world and most of the cells of the body?
A) blood
B) lumen
C) lymph
D) extracellular fluid
E) All of the answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

Extracellular fluid, which includes interstitial fluid and plasma, is the buffer zone between the outside world and most of the cells of the body. It provides a protective barrier for cells and separates them from the external environment. Blood and lymph are both part of the extracellular fluid compartment, but they are not the sole buffer zone.

Question 2

"Glucose is transported from blood into cells because cells require glucose to meet their energy needs." This type of explanation is
A) mechanistic.
B) theological.
C) teleological.
D) metalogical.
E) scatological.

Accepted Answer

This explanation contains a purpose or goal (cells require glucose for energy), making it teleological in nature.

Question 3

A study in which a participant acts as an experimental subject in part of the experiment and a control in another part of the experiment is called what?
A) double-blind study
B) crossover study
C) meta-analysis study
D) retrospective study

Accepted Answer

This type of study is called a crossover study, where participants act as both experimental subjects and controls at different times to compare the effects of different treatments or interventions.

Question 4

The Internet database for molecular,cellular,and physiological information is called the ________ Project.
A) Human Genome
B) Physiognomy
C) Physiosome
D) Physiome
E) Manhattan

Accepted Answer

The Physiome Project is a global initiative aimed at developing a comprehensive database of molecular, cellular, and physiological information, with the goal of creating computational models and simulations of complex biological systems. The Human Genome Project, option A, focused specifically on mapping the entire sequence of human DNA. Physiognomy, option B, is the practice of deducing a person's character or personality from their facial features. Physiosome, option C, is not a recognized scientific term or project. The Manhattan Project, option E, was a research effort during World War II to develop the first nuclear weapons.

Question 5

If a scientific opinion has been verified repeatedly,it becomes a
A) model.
B) theory.
C) hypothesis.
D) law.
E) variable.

Accepted Answer

A scientific opinion that has been verified repeatedly becomes a law. Scientific laws are statements that describe or predict a range of natural phenomena. Unlike hypotheses and theories, which are subject to modification or revision as new evidence emerges, laws are stable over time and are widely accepted within the scientific community.

Question 6

The study of body function in a disease state is
A) necrology.
B) physiology.
C) microbiology.
D) pathophysiology.
E) histology.

Accepted Answer

Pathophysiology is the study of how the normal physiological processes are altered in a disease state. It focuses on the mechanisms of disease development and the effects on the body's organs and systems.

Question 7

Oxytocin is a hormone that is released in response to cervical dilation.It in turn causes more uterine contractions that will further dilate the cervix.What type of feedback loop does oxytocin trigger?
A) negative feedback
B) positive feedback
C) local control
D) nociceptive feedback

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin triggers a positive feedback loop, where the hormone causes more uterine contractions that result in further cervical dilation, leading to the release of more oxytocin. This cycle continues until childbirth occurs.

Question 8

Because anatomy and physiology have different definitions,they are usually considered separately in studies of the body.

Accepted Answer

Although anatomy (the study of the structure of body parts) and physiology (the study of the function of body parts) have different definitions, they are often studied together because structure and function are closely related in all living organisms. Understanding the structure of a body part provides insight into its function, and vice versa.

Question 9

A technique used to resolve contradictory results in scientific studies is
A) meta-analysis.
B) retrospective analysis.
C) prospective analysis.
D) cross-sectional analysis.
E) longitudinal analysis.

Accepted Answer

Meta-analysis combines the results of multiple studies on the same topic to determine an overall effect size. This can help to resolve contradictions or inconsistencies in individual studies.

Question 10

Which of the following is one of Cannon's "internal secretions"?
A) hormones
B) nutrients
C) water
D) inorganic ions
E) None of the answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

Cannon coined the term "internal secretion" to describe hormones, which are secreted by glands into the bloodstream and act on distant target organs.

Question 11

Homeostasis is the ability of the body to
A) prevent the external environment from changing.
B) prevent the internal environment from changing.
C) quickly restore changed conditions to normal.
D) ignore external stimuli to remain in a state of rest.
E) prevent excessive blood loss.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Homeostasis is the ability of the body...

Question 12

The literal meaning of the term physiology is knowledge of
A) organs.
B) nature.
C) science.
D) chemistry.
E) math.

Accepted Answer

The term "physiology" comes from the Greek words physis meaning "nature" and logos meaning "knowledge." Therefore, the literal meaning of physiology is "knowledge of nature."

Question 13

The following is a list of several levels of organization that make up the human body.
1)tissue
2)cell
3)organ
4)molecule
5)organism
6)organ system
The correct order from the smallest to the largest is
A) 2, 4, 1, 3, 6, 5.
B) 4, 2, 1, 6, 3, 5.
C) 4, 2, 1, 3, 6, 5.
D) 4, 2, 3, 1, 6, 5.
E) 6, 4, 5, 2, 3, 1.

Accepted Answer

The correct order from smallest to largest is molecule (4), cell (2), tissue (1), organ (3), organ system (6), and organism(5). Choice C is the only one that has the correct order.

Question 14

A scientifically logical guess is a
A) model.
B) theory.
C) hypothesis.
D) law.
E) variable.

Accepted Answer

A scientifically logical guess is a hypothesis, which is a tentative explanation for an observation or phenomenon. It is based on limited evidence and is subject to testing and refinement. A model is a representation of a system or process, a theory is a well-substantiated explanation for a set of observations, a law is a descriptive generalization about how something behaves, and a variable is a factor that can change in an experiment or study.

Question 15

Physiology is the study of
A) the structure of the body.
B) the tissues and organs of the body at the microscopic level.
C) growth and reproduction.
D) the normal functions of the organ systems.
E) the facial features as an indication of personality.

Accepted Answer

Physiology is the study of the normal functions and processes of the organ systems in the body, including how they work together to maintain homeostasis. It is not focused on the structure, tissues, or organs at the microscopic level, nor is it concerned with growth and reproduction or facial features as an indication of personality.

Question 16

Place these terms in the typical sequence in which they appear in the scientific process: experimental data,theory,model,observation,hypothesis,replication.
A) experimental data, theory, model, observation, hypothesis, replication
B) replication, hypothesis, experimental data, theory, model, observation
C) theory, observation, experimental data, hypothesis, replication, model
D) observation, replication, model, experimental data, hypothesis, theory
E) observation, hypothesis, experimental data, replication, model, theory

Accepted Answer

The typical sequence in the scientific process is: observation, hypothesis, experimental data, replication, model, and theory.

Question 17

A physician basing clinical decisions on primary research published in biomedical literature is doing ________ medicine.
A) evidence-based
B) traditional
C) alternative
D) whimsical
E) holistic

Accepted Answer

Evidence-based medicine involves making clinical decisions based on the best available evidence from published biomedical literature. This approach is considered to be more objective and scientific than traditional or alternative medicine, which may rely on anecdotal evidence or unproven treatments. Whimsical medicine and holistic medicine are not recognized medical approaches.

Question 18

A placebo is
A) any drug being tested in a clinical trial.
B) any drug in a class of drugs commonly used as pain relievers.
C) a drug or treatment that is expected to have no pharmacological effect.
D) a nutritive and respiratory organ in fetal development.
E) a hole in a cavity wall through which an organ protrudes.

Accepted Answer

A placebo is a drug or treatment that is expected to have no pharmacological effect. It is often used in clinical trials as a control group to compare the effectiveness of a new drug or treatment against the placebo.

Question 19

How genetics influences the body's response to drugs is called
A) pharmacokinetics.
B) pharmacogenetics.
C) pharmacogenomics.
D) pharmacodynamics.
E) pharmageddon.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How genetics influences the body's response to...

Question 20

"Glucose is transported from blood into cells by transporters in response to insulin." This type of explanation is
A) mechanistic.
B) theological.
C) teleological.
D) metalogical.
E) scatological.

Accepted Answer

The explanation describes the specific mechanism by which glucose is transported into cells in response to insulin.

Quiz 1: Introduction to Physiology

Which of the following is a buffer zone between the outside world and most of the cells of the body?

"Glucose is transported from blood into cells because cells require glucose to meet their energy needs." This type of explanation is

A study in which a participant acts as an experimental subject in part of the experiment and a control in another part of the experiment is called what?

The Internet database for molecular,cellular,and physiological information is called the ________ Project.

If a scientific opinion has been verified repeatedly,it becomes a

The study of body function in a disease state is

Oxytocin is a hormone that is released in response to cervical dilation.It in turn causes more uterine contractions that will further dilate the cervix.What type of feedback loop does oxytocin trigger?

Because anatomy and physiology have different definitions,they are usually considered separately in studies of the body.

A technique used to resolve contradictory results in scientific studies is

Which of the following is one of Cannon's "internal secretions"?

Homeostasis is the ability of the body to

The literal meaning of the term physiology is knowledge of

The following is a list of several levels of organization that make up the human body. 1) tissue 2) cell 3) organ 4) molecule 5) organism 6) organ system The correct order from the smallest to the largest is

A scientifically logical guess is a

Physiology is the study of

Place these terms in the typical sequence in which they appear in the scientific process: experimental data,theory,model,observation,hypothesis,replication.

A physician basing clinical decisions on primary research published in biomedical literature is doing ________ medicine.

A placebo is

How genetics influences the body's response to drugs is called

"Glucose is transported from blood into cells by transporters in response to insulin." This type of explanation is