Question 1

Scientific advances in the study of evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo)have demonstrated that another factor has had as much of an impact as specific alterations in the genes on the macroevolutionary changes in body plans that have been observed through time.This factor is _____________.

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Question 2

The diversification of groups of organisms to form new species that can occur after a mass extinction or at other times is called adaptive ___________.

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Question 3

The first single-celled organisms arose 3.5 ____________________ years ago.

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Question 4

Following each of Earth's five mass extinctions,the diversity of life on Earth,over time,has ____________________ [increased or decreased].

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Question 5

Large timescales have played a role in creating the diversity of life that has existed over billions of years on the planet Earth in combination with ______________.

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Question 6

The oxygen necessary to support much of life on Earth is a waste product of an important adaptation,the process of ____________________.

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Question 7

Many organisms decompose rapidly after death;some organisms have had soft bodies and some areas where organisms died have undergone massive geologic changes.For these reasons,the ____________________ record is incomplete.

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Question 8

Among the first organisms to colonize land were descendants of ____________________.

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Question 9

Evidence that the Cretaceous mass extinction was created by the impact of an asteroid is the existence,buried under sediments off the coast of Mexico,of a huge ____________________.

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Question 10

The morphological and genetic similarities that reflect the evolutionary histories of the organisms being studied by scientists are used to construct evolutionary trees that illustrate the patterns of species evolution.The field within which such studies are conducted is called ___________

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Question 11

There is a class of genes that causes the development of structures in embryological development;such genes accomplish this task by controlling the expression of all other genes necessary for the growth of an embryological structure like the limb.Such genes are called ____________________ genes.

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Question 12

The earliest forms of life evolved and lived in ____________________.

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Question 13

A group of orders is called a(n)____________.

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Question 14

After the extinction of the dinosaurs,the stage was set for the eventual evolution of humans by the adaptive radiation of ____________________.

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Question 15

Scientists can determine the approximate age of a fossil by using an unstable form of the element uranium,Uranium-235,which has a half-life of 700 million years.Such an unstable form of an element is called a ______________.

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Question 16

About 220 million years ago,mammals evolved from ____________________.

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Question 17

Mammals branched out to evolve many new species after the extinction of the ___________________.

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Question 18

Ninety-five percent of marine invertebrate species went extinct during the mass extinction at the end of the ____________________.

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Question 19

If the homeotic genes that control limb development in the fruit fly are expressed in the head region of the fly,instead of developing antennae,the fly builds __________.

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Question 20

Mammals were able to evolve to fill some ecological roles that had previously been filled by dinosaurs,when the extinction of dinosaurs brought an end to the ____________________ between these two groups of animals.

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Quiz 16: The Evolution of Biodiversity