Question 1

Examine the changing economic world of the Ottoman,Russian,Qing,and Tokugawa states.Why did these societies have so much trouble competing with western Europeans?

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Question 2

What significant political and legal reforms did the Russian government implement in the late nineteenth century?

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Question 3

What were the sources of social discontent and agitation in Russia in the late nineteenth century? How did the government respond? What events led to the Russian revolution of 1905? What was the outcome of this revolution?

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Question 4

Why was the opium trade so important to the British? What factors led to the Opium War,and how was this war resolved?

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Question 5

Examine Map 31.3,East Asia in the nineteenth century.Trace the decline of China and the expansion of foreign domination.What role would Japan play in this changing Asian world?

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Question 6

Look at the picture of nineteenth-century Russian merchants on page 730.How does it represent Russia's uneasy marriage of western European and traditional Russian influences? How successful were Russia's efforts at modernization and industrialization?

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Question 7

What was Count Witte's program for the industrialization of Russia? What were the results?

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Question 8

What factors led to the territorial decline of the Ottoman empire over the course of the nineteenth century? What territories were lost?

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Question 9

Compare the reforms of the Tanzimat era with the program of the Young Turks.

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Question 10

Study the picture of Empress Dowager Cixi's marble vessel on page 737.What is the symbolism of this story? Were other countries making short-sighted decisions?

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Question 11

How did Japanese reformers achieve rapid industrialization of Japan? What were the results of this effort? What were the costs?

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Question 12

Examine the Meiji restoration.What were its guiding principles? Why did it copy western Europe and the United States? Why was Japan successful in modernizing while Russia,China,and the Ottomans struggled? Was there a downside to the Meiji restoration?

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Question 13

Overall,what weaknesses led to the collapse of the Qing dynasty?

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Question 14

Look at Map 31.2,The Russian empire,1801-1914.What were the chief areas of Russian expansion? What areas would lead to trouble for Russia in the future with the western Europeans and Japanese? What role would the Trans-Siberian Railroad play?

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Question 15

What were the causes of the Taiping rebellion? What was the outcome?

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Question 16

Compare and contrast the changing situations in the Ottoman,Russian,Qing,and Tokugawa states during the nineteenth century.What common problems did they face? Were some more successful in adapting than others? If so,what accounts for the success?

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Question 17

What factors led to the collapse of the Tokugawa government and the restoration of the emperor Meiji in 1868?

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Question 18

What was the impact of the Treaty of Nanjing on the Chinese empire? What nations benefited from this treaty?

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Quiz 31: Societies at Crossroads