Question 1

Parenting experts Stanley Greenspan and T.Berry Brazelton have lobbied society to

Accepted Answer

Stanley Greenspan and T.Berry Brazelton have advocated for giving parents more resources to help them rear children. They have emphasized the importance of early childhood development and the need for parents to have access to information and support to optimize their children's growth and development. While they may recognize the importance of media influence on children's behavior, they have not necessarily called for controlling it. And while they value parental autonomy, they also recognize the importance of providing parents with guidance and support. Therefore, option B is the best choice.

Question 2

A parent following Vygotsky's theory would

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky's theory emphasizes the importance of interaction with more knowledgeable others in facilitating a child's cognitive development. Therefore, a parent following Vygotsky's theory would guide the child to a more mature level of functioning through questions, hints, and prompts. Option A (only observe) and Option C (let the child construct his own answers) do not involve active guidance from the parent, which is a key component of Vygotsky's theory. Option D includes one correct option (C) but also includes an incorrect option (A).

Question 3

Gerald Patterson and his coworkers believe that,to help children develop self-control and compliance,parents first must establish

Accepted Answer

According to Gerald Patterson and his coworkers, developing a positive, warm relationship with the child is the first step in helping children develop self-control and compliance. This relationship forms a foundation for effective discipline and communication between parents and children.

Question 4

Briefly describe Diana Baumrind's parenting styles and give two characteristics of each style.

Accepted Answer

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Question 5

A parent who follows Piaget's theory of knowing about the world would,in dealing with her five-year-old,

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory, children construct their own understanding of the world through their experiences and interactions with the environment. A parent who follows this theory would tailor their explanations to the child's level of understanding to help them construct meaning and make connections between new information and what they already know.

Question 6

Of all the experts,the nannies spend the most time helping parents

Accepted Answer

Nannies, by the nature of their role, are directly involved in the day-to-day care and upbringing of children, which includes implementing specific strategies or recommendations they suggest to parents for the betterment of the child's routine or behavior.

Question 7

Briefly describe three insights from studies using cortisol that help parents understand and carry out their role more effectively.

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

Briefly describe the research of Gerald Patterson and the implications for parenting that can be drawn from it.

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

When young children are active,fearless,and show very little reaction to their wrong doing,they benefit from parents'

Accepted Answer

Young children who are active and fearless may not respond well to gentle persuasion or repeated explanations alone. Instead, forming a cooperative partnership with them and engaging in positive reinforcement of desired behaviors can be more effective. Firm punishment may also not be the best approach for these children as it can lead to resentment and a negative relationship with authority figures.

Question 10

Dr.Phil's advice to families about how to have a "phenomenal family" life includes all the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Dr. Phil emphasizes the importance of proactive planning and communication within families to preemptively deal with crises instead of waiting for them to occur. All other options are included in his advice for creating a strong and positive family dynamic.

Question 11

Highly reactive children identified by Jerome Kagan as infants

Accepted Answer

Highly reactive children, as identified by Jerome Kagan, tend to be more sensitive and responsive to environmental stimuli, including parental guidance and rules. This sensitivity makes them more likely to adhere to rules, respond to parental requests and explanations, and fear violating rules, encompassing all the options provided.

Question 12

Changes over time in the nature of the parent-child attachment depend on

Accepted Answer

Changes in the emotional quality of the parent-child relationship have a significant impact on the nature of attachment over time. This is because attachment is primarily based on emotional connection and responsiveness between the parent and child. The amount of time spent together and the child's personality may also influence attachment, but these factors are not the primary drivers of change in the attachment relationship over time.

Question 13

A nursery school program that increased children's Executive Functioning included all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Discouraging imaginative play would not be a tactic used to increase children's Executive Functioning, as imaginative play can also support the development of cognitive skills such as problem-solving and creativity. Therefore, to increase Executive Functioning, the program would not discourage imaginative play.

Question 14

Briefly describe one theory you find useful in understanding parent-child relationships and describe three insights you have gained from it.

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

Briefly describe,giving at least three characteristics,the Video Feedback Intervention Positive Parenting program and three kinds of parenting groups that have benefitted from it.

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

Bronfenbrenner,among all theorists,gives special consideration to the factor of

Accepted Answer

Bronfenbrenner's theory of ecological systems places emphasis on the role of historical time and the timing of events in children's lives. He believed that a child's development is influenced by multiple systems, such as the family, community, culture, and historical period, and that these systems interact with each other over time to shape a child's development. Therefore, the timing of events that occur within these systems can have a significant impact on a child's development.

Question 17

An infant who approaches the parent happily at times,at other times avoids the parent,or freezes when near the parent would be said to have _____________ attachment.

Accepted Answer

This behavior is indicative of a disorganized/disoriented attachment style, where the infant shows inconsistent and erratic behaviors towards the parent, often due to a lack of a clear attachment strategy. This can occur in environments that are chaotic, frightening, or where the caregiver is also a source of fear.

Question 18

Children who were described as poorly controlled at age 3 were described in young adulthood as

Accepted Answer

According to the given information, children who were described as poorly controlled at age 3 were described in young adulthood as impulsive and risk-taking. Therefore, option C is the best choice. Option A is incorrect because being poorly controlled does not necessarily lead to being spontaneous and well-liked. Option B is incorrect because being poorly controlled does not necessarily lead to being creative and independent. Option D is incorrect because option A is incorrect and option C is correct.

Question 19

All of the following statements about temperament are true EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Temperament is constitutionally based and refers to the child's reactivity and regulation of reactions in the domains of affect, activity, and attention. However, it is not fixed and can be influenced by environmental factors and experiences.

Question 20

Diana Baumrind believes that when parents are permissive,set few limits,and accept all the child's impulses even when they are irritating to others,children are likely to be

Accepted Answer

Diana Baumrind's research suggests that permissive parenting, which involves few limits and a lack of structure, can result in poorly controlled and immature children who struggle to develop self-discipline and responsibility. While permissive parenting may initially appear to be lenient and accepting, it can ultimately be harmful to a child's growth and development. Therefore, the best choice is B.

Quiz 3: Learning to Parent