Question 1

Which of the following increases the future probability of a desired behavior by removing a negative stimulus after the desired behavior occurs?

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement is the process of increasing the future probability of a desired behavior by removing a negative stimulus after the desired behavior occurs. For example, a student may be more likely to complete their homework if their parent stops nagging them after they finish their work. Punishment involves administering a negative consequence after an undesirable behavior, while positive reinforcement involves providing a positive consequence after a desired behavior. Extinction involves the gradual fading out of a behavior by removing any reinforcement or punishment associated with it.

Question 2

In most situations, we should follow desired behavior with __________ and follow undesirable behavior with __________.

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement encourages the repetition of a desired behavior by offering a reward, while extinction involves reducing undesirable behaviors by removing any form of reinforcement.

Question 3

Behavioral modeling and self-reinforcement are components of:

Accepted Answer

Social learning theory incorporates behavioral modeling and self-reinforcement as key components, emphasizing that people can learn new behaviors by observing others and the consequences of those behaviors.

Question 4

Social learning theory states that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Social learning theory states that:
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Question 5

Receiving a bonus after successfully completing an important project is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement is the addition of a desirable or rewarding consequence after a behavior, which increases the likelihood of that behavior being repeated in the future. Receiving a bonus after successfully completing an important project is an example of positive reinforcement as it rewards the individual and increases the likelihood of them performing well on future projects.

Question 6

According to the A-B-C model of behavior modification, antecedents:

Accepted Answer

According to the A-B-C model of behavior modification, antecedents inform employees that certain behaviors will have particular consequences. Antecedents are the events or stimuli that precede a behavior and can include instructions, rules, cues, or environmental factors that signal the likelihood of a particular behavior being reinforced or punished. By providing clear antecedents, employers can increase the likelihood of desired behavior and discourage undesired behavior.

Question 7

Which of these statements about organizational learning is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Knowledge sharing can involve a variety of methods including face-to-face interaction, team collaboration, training programs, mentoring, and more. While computer technology can facilitate the process, it is not the only means of knowledge sharing in organizational learning.

Question 8

Self-reinforcement is a component of:

Accepted Answer

Self-reinforcement is a component of social learning theory, which emphasizes the role of observing and modeling behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others, and includes self-regulation processes like self-reinforcement.

Question 9

In behavior modification, extinction occurs when:

Accepted Answer

Extinction occurs when a behavior decreases in frequency because no consequence follows it. This means that the behavior is no longer being reinforced or punished, leading to a decrease in frequency. The other options may be related to behavior modification, but they do not reflect the specific definition of extinction.

Question 10

Receiving a commission only when a sale is made represents:

Accepted Answer

A variable ratio schedule rewards a behavior after an unpredictable number of responses, similar to how commission sales work, where a sale (response) is required for a reward (commission), but the number of attempts (responses) needed to make a sale (earn the reward) is unpredictable.

Question 11

Organizational learning involves mainly:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Organizational learning involves mainly:
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Question 12

A retail store increases customer interaction and service provided to their customers by salespeople by giving the salespeople a sales commission each time they make a sale to a customer.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

This is an example of both behavior modification and a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement. Behavior modification refers to the use of positive or negative consequences to shape or modify behavior, which is what the sales commission is doing. A variable ratio schedule of reinforcement refers to a reinforcement schedule where rewards are given on a variable basis, such as giving a sales commission for each sale made, rather than at a fixed rate. This has been shown to be an effective way to maintain behavior and increase motivation, as the salespeople do not know when they will receive the reward, which keeps them motivated to continue making sales.

Question 13

Reflecting and experimenting are components of:

Accepted Answer

Reflecting and experimenting are key components of experiential learning, which emphasizes learning through experience and reflection on that experience. Social learning theory focuses on learning through observation and modeling, while behavior modification involves using rewards and punishments to change behavior. Organizational citizenship refers to voluntary behavior that goes beyond job requirements, and the MARS model is a framework for understanding individual behavior in organizations.

Question 14

After discovering the cause of a computer network problem, Jessie rewards herself by taking a coffee break.Jessie's action of taking a break is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Jessie's action of taking a break after discovering the cause of a computer network problem is an example of self-reinforcement. Self-reinforcement occurs when a person engages in a behavior that increases the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future. In this case, Jessie rewarding herself with a coffee break reinforces her problem-solving behavior and increases the likelihood of her engaging in it again in the future.

Question 15

ABC Corp.pays its employees a fixed salary in a paycheck received every Friday afternoon.This is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

Accepted Answer

The fixed interval reinforcement schedule reinforces behavior after a fixed amount of time, in this case, every Friday afternoon. The employees receive a fixed salary in a paycheck after a fixed interval of one week.

Question 16

The most effective reinforcement schedule for learning new tasks is

Accepted Answer

Continuous reinforcement, where a behavior is reinforced every time it occurs, is most effective for learning new tasks because it quickly establishes the behavior-reward connection.

Question 17

Co-workers no longer praise you when you engage in dangerous pranks, so you stop engaging in these pranks.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of extinction, which is the gradual decrease in a behavior due to the lack of reinforcement. In this case, the lack of praise from co-workers is the lack of reinforcement for engaging in dangerous pranks, causing the behavior to decrease over time.

Question 18

Which of these occurs when the introduction of a consequence increases or maintains the frequency or future probability of a desired behavior?

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement is a process where the introduction of a consequence (reward) increases or maintains the frequency or future probability of a desired behavior. This can be achieved through the delivery of something pleasant or rewarding immediately following the desired behavior.

Question 19

Which of the following is one of the most popular perspectives of organizational effectiveness?

Accepted Answer

Organizational learning is one of the most popular perspectives of organizational effectiveness. It refers to a continuous process of acquiring knowledge and skills within an organization to improve its overall performance. This approach emphasizes the importance of creating a learning culture within an organization where employees are encouraged to learn, develop and share their knowledge and skills. It also focuses on the importance of aligning individual and organizational learning goals to achieve optimal results.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of punishment?

Accepted Answer

Punishment involves a consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. In this case, taking away part of the paycheck is a consequence that is meant to discourage the employee from breaking machines again in the future.

Answer: E
 Both options A and C involve consequences that decrease the likelihood of a behavior being repeated, which is the definition of punishment. Option A involves taking away part of the paycheck for breaking a machine, while option C involves the boss no longer complaining about late arrival after the employee starts arriving early, indicating the complaints were a form of punishment.

Quiz 3: Perception and Learning in Organizations