Question 1

Lacking one of the criteria to be strictly classified as living units and containing fragments of eukaryotic genomes,the viruses are included in
A)bacteriA.
B)protists.
C)yeasts.
D)prokaryotes.
E)none of the kingdoms.

Accepted Answer

Viruses do not fit into any of the traditional five kingdoms of life (Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia) as they lack the necessary characteristics to be considered living organisms. They cannot replicate or carry out cellular functions without a host cell, and they also lack the ability to generate ATP which is essential for life processes. Therefore, they are not classified with any of the kingdoms.

Question 2

If two organisms are in the same phylum and the same order,then they also belong to the same
A)class.
B)family.
C)genus.
D)species.
E)subspecies.

Accepted Answer

Organisms in the same phylum and same order may belong to different families, genera or species depending on their specific characteristics. However, they must belong to the same class since the order is a subcategory within a class. Therefore, the correct answer is A) class.

Question 3

Eutherians mammals are placed in four groups,a major split occurring between
A)North and South American clades.
B)Australian and African clades.
C)African and South American clades.
D)marsupials and monotremes.
E)Asian and North American clades.

Accepted Answer

The major split of eutherian mammals occurs between the African and South American clades. The other options provided are not accurate in their descriptions of eutherian mammal classification.

Question 4

Segmentation is thought to have evolved three times,twice in protostomes and once in deuterstomes as seen in the
A)echinoderms.
B)nematodes.
C)flatworms.
D)mollusks.
E)chordates.

Accepted Answer

Segmentation is thought to have evolved three times, once in deuterostomes (seen in chordates) and twice in protostomes (not seen in echinoderms, nematodes, or mollusks). Flatworms do not have segmented bodies.

Question 5

True multicellularity is a major characteristic of
A)all eukaryotes and a few prokaryotes.
B)animals and plants only.
C)eukaryotes only.
D)protists,plants,and animals.
E)prokaryotes and protists.

Accepted Answer

The answer of True multicellularity is a major characteristic of
A)all...

Question 6

In the original experiments by Stanley Miller and Harold Urey to synthesize organic molecules in an abiotic environment,which one of the following would you not expect to find in the collection flask?
A)urea
B)amino acids
C)ATP
D)adenine
E)formaldehyde

Accepted Answer

ATP is an energy molecule that is produced through biological processes and would not be expected to be found in an abiotic environment such as that in Miller and Urey's experiments. The other molecules listed, (urea, amino acids, adenine, and formaldehyde), were all found in the collection flask during the experiments.

Question 7

The first living organisms that arose on earth are believed to have evolved according to a series of steps represented by the appearance of specific molecules.Of the molecules listed,which one would most likely have appeared fourth?
A)hydrogen cyanide
B)ATP
C)Ribozymes
D)DNA
E)amino acids

Accepted Answer

The steps hypothesized in the origin of life theory suggest that the fourth step would be the appearance of RNA molecules capable of self-replication, also known as ribozymes. This would come after the appearance of simpler molecules such as amino acids, hydrogen cyanide, and ATP, but before the formation of more complex molecules such as DNA.

Question 8

Which statement is an accurate description of the characteristics found in the examples below that relate to the three Domains of life?
A)Archaea and Eukarya share the characteristic of membrane bound organelles.
B)Bacteria and Archaea share the characteristic of nuclear envelope.
C)Eukarya and Bacteria share the characteristic of membrane bound organelles.
D)Archaea and Eukarya share the characteristic of growth not inhibited by streptomycin and chloramphenicol.
E)Archaea and Bacteria share the characteristic of branched membrane lipid structurE.

Accepted Answer

Archaea and Eukarya both have growth that is not inhibited by antibiotics like streptomycin and chloramphenicol, which typically target bacterial ribosomes.

Question 9

Annelids and arthropods were thought to be closely related in one sense because of the character of segmentation.Molecular data has recently shown that
A)segmentation evolved separately in these two groups.
B)arthropods and roundworms are more closely related.
C)annelids are more closely related to flatworms and mollusks.
D)annelids and arthropods have been evolving separately for a long time.

Accepted Answer

Molecular data has shown that segmentation evolved separately in annelids and arthropods, indicating that they are not closely related as previously thought.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about viruses is not accurate?
A)Viruses are fragments of nucleic acids with associated proteins.
B)Viruses can infect organisms at all taxonomic levels.
C)Viruses can be placed in the Archaea Domain of life because of their similarities with these primitive organisms.
D)Viruses cannot reproduce on their own.
E)Viruses can invade cells and produce more copies of themselves.

Accepted Answer

Viruses cannot be placed in the Archaea Domain of life as viruses are not living organisms and do not fit into any of the three domains of life (Archaea, Bacteria, or Eukarya).

Question 11

Pinus in the scientific name Pinus ponderosa is the
A)phylum.
B)class.
C)family.
D)genus.
E)species.

Accepted Answer

Pinus is the genus in the scientific name Pinus ponderosa.

Question 12

Kingdom ____________would include green algae and land plants.
A)Chloroplantae
B)Plantae
C)Chloroprotista
D)Viridiplantae
E)Chlorophyta

Accepted Answer

The correct kingdom for green algae and land plants is Viridiplantae, which includes all chlorophyll-containing photosynthetic organisms. Choices A, B, C, and E are not valid taxonomic categories.

Question 13

An organism has just been located and needs to be placed into one of the domains of life.The characteristics that have been reported are multicellular and autotrophic.Based on your knowledge,which domain should this organism be placed?
A)Bacteria.
B)Archaea
C)Bacteria
D)Eukarya
E)Virdiplantae

Accepted Answer

The characteristics of being multicellular and autotrophic point towards the organism belonging to the Eukarya domain, which includes all eukaryotic organisms such as plants, animals, fungi, and protists, among others. The Viridiplantae option is a subset of the Eukarya domain and represents the green plants, which are also multicellular and autotrophic. However, choosing Eukarya as the domain is a more appropriate and general option that includes other multicellular and autotrophic organisms besides green plants. The other options (A, B, and C) belong to the prokaryotic domains and are not multicellular, which contradicts the given characteristics of the organism.

Question 14

The apparatus in the figure was used by Stanley Miller and Harold Urey to study the origin of life on Earth.The presence of what compound in chamber B in the apparatus will prevent the accumulation of simple organic molecules in compartment A? A)CO₂ B)O₂ C)NH₃ D)H₂ E)H₂O

Accepted Answer

The answer of The apparatus in the figure was used...

Question 15

The order Passeriformes includes all of the so-called perching birds.Select a choice (A-E)to make the following sentence true: The next more inclusive taxon to the Passeriformes would be the ________;the next less inclusive taxon would be the __________.
A)phylum;class
B)phylum;family
C)class;family
D)family;class
E)family;genus

Accepted Answer

The Passeriformes belong to the class Aves (birds), so the next more inclusive taxon would be the class. The Passeriformes have numerous families, so the next less inclusive taxon would be the family. Choice C is the only option that matches both criteria.

Question 16

Molecular data indicates that land plants belong in the same ________ as green algae.
A)clade
B)family
C)kingdom
D)order
E)class

Accepted Answer

The answer of Molecular data indicates that land plants belong...

Question 17

The phenomenon that probably gave rise to the organelles in eukaryotes is
A)recombination.
B)mutation.
C)syngamy.
D)endosymbiosis.
E)multicellularity.

Accepted Answer

Endosymbiosis is the theory of how eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells through the engulfment and incorporation of free-living bacteria that eventually became organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. This suggests that the origin of these organelles in eukaryotes is due to the phenomenon of endosymbiosis.

Question 18

Urey and Miller,using a sterile container with boiling water,a reducing atmosphere,an electric spark,and a condenser,were able to determine that
A)RNA was most likely to be a hereditary molecule in early lifeforms.
B)simple lipid vesicles would form spontaneously.
C)all life on earth seems to share a common ancestor.
D)simple lifeforms would form under these conditions.
E)some of the organic compounds needed for life could be formed abiotically.

Accepted Answer

The experiment by Urey and Miller showed that some of the organic compounds needed for life, such as amino acids, could be formed abiotically under certain conditions. This provides evidence for the theory that life could have arisen from non-living matter through natural processes.

Question 19

Which of the following is generally not considered essential to explain the origin of life on Earth?
A)a reducing atmosphere
B)sexual reproduction
C)a suitable energy source
D)organic building block compounds
E)formation of a constraining lipid or protein boundary

Accepted Answer

While sexual reproduction is important for evolution and diversity of life, it is not essential for the origin of life itself. The other options (A, C, D, E) are all considered essential for the origin of life on Earth.

Question 20

A scientist is studying endosymbiosis in cells.This means she is investigating
A)how mitochondria and chloroplasts were derived from eukaryotic cells.
B)how mitochondria and chloroplasts were derived from prokaryotic cells.
C)how mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved into eukaryotic cells.
D)how mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved into prokaryotic cells.
E)how mitochondria but not chloroplasts evolved into prokaryotic cells.

Accepted Answer

Endosymbiosis refers to the theory that proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by a larger host cell, then developed a symbiotic relationship with the host cell over time. Therefore, the scientist studying endosymbiosis in cells is investigating how mitochondria and chloroplasts were derived from prokaryotic cells (option B).

Quiz 26: The Tree of Life

Lacking one of the criteria to be strictly classified as living units and containing fragments of eukaryotic genomes,the viruses are included in

If two organisms are in the same phylum and the same order,then they also belong to the same

Eutherians mammals are placed in four groups,a major split occurring between

Segmentation is thought to have evolved three times,twice in protostomes and once in deuterstomes as seen in the

True multicellularity is a major characteristic of

In the original experiments by Stanley Miller and Harold Urey to synthesize organic molecules in an abiotic environment,which one of the following would you not expect to find in the collection flask?

The first living organisms that arose on earth are believed to have evolved according to a series of steps represented by the appearance of specific molecules.Of the molecules listed,which one would most likely have appeared fourth?

Which statement is an accurate description of the characteristics found in the examples below that relate to the three Domains of life?

Annelids and arthropods were thought to be closely related in one sense because of the character of segmentation.Molecular data has recently shown that

Which of the following statements about viruses is not accurate?

Pinus in the scientific name Pinus ponderosa is the

Kingdom ____________would include green algae and land plants.

An organism has just been located and needs to be placed into one of the domains of life.The characteristics that have been reported are multicellular and autotrophic.Based on your knowledge,which domain should this organism be placed?

The apparatus in the figure was used by Stanley Miller and Harold Urey to study the origin of life on Earth.The presence of what compound in chamber B in the apparatus will prevent the accumulation of simple organic molecules in compartment A?

The order Passeriformes includes all of the so-called perching birds.Select a choice (A-E) to make the following sentence true: The next more inclusive taxon to the Passeriformes would be the ;the next less inclusive taxon would be the __.

Molecular data indicates that land plants belong in the same ________ as green algae.

The phenomenon that probably gave rise to the organelles in eukaryotes is

Urey and Miller,using a sterile container with boiling water,a reducing atmosphere,an electric spark,and a condenser,were able to determine that

Which of the following is generally not considered essential to explain the origin of life on Earth?

A scientist is studying endosymbiosis in cells.This means she is investigating