Question 1

In vertebrates,the family of myogenic regulatory factors (MFRs)plays a major role in muscle development.This family consists of four related genes,including MyoD,MRF4,myogenin,and myf5,each of which have distinct,but overlapping functions.Interestingly,this gene family is represented by only a single gene called nautilus in Drosophila.You want to determine if nautilus functions as the sum of the vertebrate factors,or rather,if it functions in a manner similar to that of one particular gene.Eventually,you plan to examine the loss-of-function phenotype of nautilus mutants.However,first you should
A)compare the DNA and protein sequences of all the genes to determine if nautilus is more closely related to one MRF than another.
B)perform a DNA microarray to compare gene activation patterns between nautilus and the MRFs.
C)compare the proteome of a cell expressing nautilus to the proteomes of cells expressing each of the MRFs in turn.
D)generate four transgenic Drosophila strains that express the MRFs.

Accepted Answer

Comparing the DNA and protein sequences of all the genes can provide information on the similarity between nautilus and each of the MRFs. This can help determine if nautilus functions as the sum of the vertebrate factors, or if it has a more similar function to one specific MRF. This information can guide the subsequent experiments, including examining the loss-of-function phenotype of nautilus mutants. Performing DNA microarrays or comparing proteomes can also provide useful information, but may not directly address the question of nautilus' similarity to the MRFs. Generating transgenic Drosophila strains that express the MRFs may not provide relevant information to determine nautilus' function.

Question 2

Which of the following techniques can be used to detect chromosomal abnormalities?
A)EST
B)FISH
C)STS
D)SNP

Accepted Answer

FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization) is a technique used to detect and localize the presence or absence of specific DNA sequences on chromosomes, making it useful for identifying chromosomal abnormalities.

Question 3

Traditionally,toxicology studies have involved numerous bioassays on rodents.However,a more reliable and reproducible approach to study the genome-wide effects of a toxin,one could use
A)a protein microarray.
B)functional genomics.
C)a yeast two-hybrid screen.
D)a DNA microarray.

Accepted Answer

A DNA microarray allows researchers to study the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously, providing a comprehensive view of the genome-wide effects of a toxin.

Question 4

Why do segmental duplications pose a logistical challenge in the proper alignment of DNA sequences?
A)Segmental duplications are inherently repetitive.
B)Segmental duplications contain large numbers of LINEs,which interfere with sequence annotation.
C)Segmental duplications interfere with BLAST analysis.
D)Segmental duplications are often found in areas of constitutive heterochromatin.

Accepted Answer

Segmental duplications are regions in the genome where identical or nearly identical sequences are present in two or more locations. These duplications can be extensive, covering many kilobases or even megabases of DNA. Because of this repetitive nature of the sequence, it becomes challenging to align reads and performing genome assembly. This results in gaps or assemblies with errors, which prevents researchers from accurately determining the structure and function of the genome.

Question 5

Your research group has recently determined the complete genomic sequence of the organism Examus biologisium.You instruct your group to begin sequence annotation,which involves
A)shotgun cloning.
B)the alignment of contigs.
C)the identification of open reading frames.
D)the construction of a genetic map.

Accepted Answer

Sequence annotation involves identifying open reading frames (ORFs), which are regions of DNA that have the potential to encode proteins. Shotgun cloning is a method used to generate random DNA fragments for sequencing, but it is not directly relevant to sequence annotation. Alignment of contigs refers to piecing together overlapping fragments of the genome, which is necessary for genome assembly but not annotation. Genetic mapping involves determining the physical locations of genes on chromosomes, which is also not directly related to sequence annotation.

Question 6

How is the study of genomics expected to influence future health care?
A)The study of genomics is expected to provide insight into the relationship between genes and the environment,and why certain people get sick while others remain healthy.It should enable us to learn more about the causes and effects of various diseases,illnesses,and infections.Such information will help us to identify ways to improve health care and prevent disease.
B)The study of genomics will allow us to treat,with the use of genetic engineering,various diseases of genetic origin.It is just a matter of time before we are able to treat all diseases of genetic origin with this technique.
C)The study of genomics will allow us to use bacteria and viruses to create vaccinations for virually all diseases of genetic origin.

Accepted Answer

The study of genomics is expected to provide valuable information about the relationship between genetics and disease, which will enable us to improve healthcare by identifying ways to prevent disease and treat illnesses effectively. Options B and C are not entirely accurate, as there are limitations to genetic engineering and vaccination strategies that may not work for all diseases.

Question 7

As a scientist working for an antibioterrorism task force,you are asked to evaluate some biological samples for presence of Yersinia pestis,the organism that causes plague.After confirming that the samples did,indeed,contain Y.pestis,you instruct your team to begin sequencing the strain.Given that the genome sequence of Y.pestis is already known,why did you instruct your team to sequence this strain?
A)to confirm the original genome sequence and gather possible information on the origin of the strain
B)to establish the course of infection and determine whether the strain has been genetically engineered
C)to gather possible information on the origin of the strain and determine whether the strain has been genetically engineered
D)to establish the SNPs necessary to confirm infection from this strain

Accepted Answer

Sequencing the strain can provide information on the origin of the strain, as well as determine whether it has been genetically engineered. Knowing the genome sequence of Y. pestis is important, but sequencing individual strains can reveal differences and potential modifications to the genome that may affect the virulence or response to antibiotics. Determining the origin of the strain can help identify potential sources of infection and track the spread of the bacteria. Additionally, detecting any genetic modifications can help determine if the strain is more dangerous or resistant to existing antibiotics, which can guide treatment options.

Question 8

After years of work,a researcher identified a novel protein that binds to serotonin receptors in mouse brain.Which of the following explanations regarding gene patents is most appropriate in this case?
A)The researcher has clearly defined the function of the gene.The gene itself can be patented.
B)The researcher has not yet clearly defined the function of the gene.However,when the function is clearly identified,the gene itself can be patented.
C)The researcher has clearly defined the function of the gene.Thus,the use of the gene can be patented.
D)The researcher has not yet clearly defined the function of the gene.However,when the function is clearly identified,the use of the gene can be patenteD.

Accepted Answer

The answer of After years of work,a researcher identified a...

Question 9

You can do all of the following using comparative genomics except
A)draw particular conclusions about species.
B)draw general conclusions about evolution.
C)infer function about an unsequenced genome using synteny.
D)develop a haplotype map.

Accepted Answer

Comparative genomics can be used to draw conclusions about species, evolution, and infer function using synteny. However, developing a haplotype map is not typically done using comparative genomics, but rather through sequencing and analyzing individual genomes.

Question 10

In the early 1980s,a number of clones encoding highly-related forms of actin were isolated from a human cDNA library.Given the information that (i)the restriction enzyme maps of the coding regions were dissimilar,and (ii)each clone contained sufficient coding region to encode all or most of an entire actin gene,you would conclude that
A)multiple actin genes arose as a result of a segmental duplication.
B)the various forms of actin are a result of alternative splicing.
C)actin proteins are encoded by genes found in a tandem cluster.
D)actin proteins are encoded by a multigene family.

Accepted Answer

The dissimilar restriction enzyme maps suggest that the clones are not the result of segmental duplication, and the fact that each clone contains most of the coding region of an entire actin gene suggests that they are not the result of alternative splicing. Therefore, the most likely explanation is that the clones are from a multigene family encoding highly-related forms of actin.

Question 11

Given an ideal sequencing reaction of approximately 500 successive nucleotides (excluding overlap),how many sequencing reactions would be needed to determine the complete human genome?
A)3.2 billion
B)12.5 million
C)12.8 million
D)6.4 million

Accepted Answer

The human genome is approximately 3.2 billion base pairs long. If each sequencing reaction covers 500 nucleotides, then 3.2 billion divided by 500 equals 6.4 million reactions needed.

Question 12

As the director of a new non-profit functional genomics research center,it is your job to oversee the set up of laboratories necessary to achieve the research goals of the center.Therefore,you plan to include all of the following,except a
A)DNA microarray facility.
B)proteomics laB.
C)sequence annotation facility.
D)mutagenesis facility.

Accepted Answer

Sequence annotation is not a laboratory facility, but rather a computational process.

Question 13

What is the most significant research finding from the rice genome project?
A)The similarity between the rice genome and other cereal crops will help scientists to move faster to develop genome data for other cereal crops.
B)The rice genome was found to be larger than that of humans.
C)The development of Golden Rice.
D)The genome data can be used to develop more nutritional rice.

Accepted Answer

The similarity between the rice genome and other cereal crops (such as wheat, maize, and barley) has helped scientists to move faster to develop genome data for other cereal crops. This is significant because developing genome data for other crops can help to improve agricultural productivity and food security globally.

Answer: D
 The genome data can be used to develop more nutritional rice, which is significant because rice is a staple food for more than half of the world's population. Developing more nutritious rice could help address global malnutrition and improve public health. However, it is worth noting that the development of Golden Rice (which is a genetically modified variety of rice that contains beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A) has been a controversial issue in some parts of the world.

Question 14

All of the following would be useful in an effort to construct a physical map of a genome except
A)BAC end sequences.
B)BLAST data.
C)ESTs.
D)STS markers.

Accepted Answer

BLAST data is not useful for constructing a physical map of a genome as it is used for sequence alignment and comparison, rather than determining the physical location of genes and markers on chromosomes. The other three options (A, C, and D) are commonly used for physical mapping purposes. BAC end sequences are used to anchor large DNA fragments and create contiguous physical maps. ESTs, or expressed sequence tags, provide information on the transcribed regions of the genome and aid in gene mapping. STS markers, or sequence-tagged sites, are DNA markers that are associated with specific genomic regions and can be used for mapping and identification of genes.

Question 15

A catalog of common genetic variants that occur in humans is called a
A)haplotype map.
B)restriction map.
C)genomic map.
D)SNP map.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A catalog of common genetic variants that...

Question 16

Which of the following statements regarding pseudogenes is false?
A)Pseudogenes may have some gene-like features such as a promoter and splice sites.
B)Pseudogenes encode proteins,but the translated proteins are non-functional.
C)Pseudogenes can provide insight into the evolutionary history of the related functional gene.
D)Every pseudogene has a similar DNA sequence to some functional gene.

Accepted Answer

Pseudogenes are non-functional copies of genes that have lost their ability to produce active proteins due to mutations. Therefore, they do not encode functional proteins, and statement B is false. The other statements are true, and pseudogenes can have regulatory regions, provide insights into evolution, and have a similar sequence to their functional counterparts.

Question 17

Which of the following organisms has the largest genome?
A)rice
B)human
C)fruit fly
D)yeast

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following organisms has the...

Question 18

Which of the following organisms has the greatest number of genes?
A)rice
B)human
C)fruit fly
D)yeast

Accepted Answer

Rice has the greatest number of genes among the options listed, with around 40,000 to 50,000 genes, compared to humans with about 20,000 to 25,000 genes.

Question 19

A pharmaceutical company is trying to develop a new drug to help combat a rare disease.To facilitate the identification of new drug targets,they could
A)search the sequenced human genome for mutations involved in the development of the disease,and design drugs that bind to the mutated proteins.
B)employ protein microarray technology to evaluate the binding of drugs to various proteins.
C)test new drugs in transgenic organisms that display disease characteristics.
D)use antibodies to screen a DNA microarray.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A pharmaceutical company is trying to develop...

Quiz 18: Genomics

Which of the following techniques can be used to detect chromosomal abnormalities?

Traditionally,toxicology studies have involved numerous bioassays on rodents.However,a more reliable and reproducible approach to study the genome-wide effects of a toxin,one could use

Why do segmental duplications pose a logistical challenge in the proper alignment of DNA sequences?

Your research group has recently determined the complete genomic sequence of the organism Examus biologisium.You instruct your group to begin sequence annotation,which involves

How is the study of genomics expected to influence future health care?

After years of work,a researcher identified a novel protein that binds to serotonin receptors in mouse brain.Which of the following explanations regarding gene patents is most appropriate in this case?

You can do all of the following using comparative genomics except

Given an ideal sequencing reaction of approximately 500 successive nucleotides (excluding overlap) ,how many sequencing reactions would be needed to determine the complete human genome?

As the director of a new non-profit functional genomics research center,it is your job to oversee the set up of laboratories necessary to achieve the research goals of the center.Therefore,you plan to include all of the following,except a

What is the most significant research finding from the rice genome project?

All of the following would be useful in an effort to construct a physical map of a genome except

A catalog of common genetic variants that occur in humans is called a

Which of the following statements regarding pseudogenes is false?

Which of the following organisms has the largest genome?

Which of the following organisms has the greatest number of genes?

A pharmaceutical company is trying to develop a new drug to help combat a rare disease.To facilitate the identification of new drug targets,they could