Question 1

According to four-drive theory,______ are the conscious sources of human motivation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to four-drive theory,______ are the conscious...

Question 2

Which of these is found in the expectancy theory model?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of these is found in the...

Question 3

Four-drive theory states that the four drives:

Accepted Answer

The four-drive theory posits that the drives counterbalance each other, meaning they work together to influence behavior and decision-making.

Question 4

Employees who believe that accomplishing a particular task will almost certainly result in a day off with pay would have:

Accepted Answer

A P-to-O expectancy close to 1:0 means that the employee believes that high effort will result in a high probability of the desired outcome. In this case, the desired outcome is a day off with pay, which has a positive valence. Therefore, the employee's motivation to achieve the task will be high. The other options are not applicable in this scenario.

Question 5

According to expectancy theory,providing counselling and coaching to an employee who lacks self-confidence is most likely to increase the employee's:

Accepted Answer

Expectancy theory suggests that motivation depends on three factors: expectancy, instrumentality, and valence. When an employee lacks self-confidence, counselling and coaching can improve their ability to perform the task (increasing their E-to-P expectancy). This means they will be more likely to believe they can successfully complete the task, leading to increased motivation and effort towards achieving it.

Question 6

In expectancy theory,valence refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Valence is the expected satisfaction or dissatisfaction that an individual feels towards an outcome. It represents the individual's value or preference for a particular outcome, and is a key component in the expectancy theory of motivation.

Question 7

An individual's perceived probability that a particular level of effort will result in a particular level of performance refers to the:

Accepted Answer

E-to-P expectancy refers to an individual's perceived probability that a particular level of effort (E) will result in a particular level of performance (P). This is a key component of the Expectancy Theory of motivation, which suggests that motivation depends on the strength of an individual's belief that their effort will lead to high performance, and that high performance will be rewarded.

Question 8

Which motivation theory is based on the idea that work effort is directed towards behaviours that people believe will lead to desired outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Expectancy theory is based on the idea that individuals are motivated to put in effort when they believe that their effort will lead to high performance, and that high performance will lead to the attainment of desired outcomes or rewards. The theory suggests that motivation is influenced by three factors: expectancy, instrumentality, and valence. Expectancy refers to the belief that effort will lead to performance, instrumentality refers to the belief that performance will lead to rewards, and valence refers to the value that an individual places on the rewards. This theory suggests that people are motivated to work towards goals that they believe they can achieve and that will lead to outcomes they desire.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about expectancy theory is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

This statement is false as expectancy theory is not a drive-based theory but rather a cognitive theory that emphasizes the mental processes involved in motivation.

Question 10

Expectancy theory mainly helps us to predict an individual's:

Accepted Answer

Expectancy theory predicts an individual's effort by evaluating the relationship between effort, performance, and outcomes. It suggests that individuals are motivated to exert effort when they believe it will lead to desired performance and rewards.

Question 11

The main practical implication of four-drive theory is that:

Accepted Answer

The main practical implication of four-drive theory is that companies should provide a balanced opportunity for employees to acquire, bond, learn, and defend. This means that organizations should ensure that employees have opportunities for growth and development, meaningful relationships with others in the workplace, a sense of purpose, and a sense of autonomy and control. By fulfilling these four basic psychological drives, companies can increase motivation, engagement, and job satisfaction among employees.

Question 12

According to expectancy theory,a skill-development training program would:

Accepted Answer

A skill-development training program primarily enhances employees' belief that their increased effort will lead to improved performance, thus increasing the effort-to-performance expectancy.

Question 13

According to expectancy theory,a reward that is not wanted has:

Accepted Answer

According to expectancy theory, an individual's motivation is based on three factors: expectancy (belief that effort will lead to performance), instrumentality (belief that performance will lead to rewards), and valence (value placed on the rewards). If a reward is not wanted, it has a negative outcome valence, meaning that the individual does not value or desire the reward, and therefore their motivation to perform is reduced.

Question 14

Which motivation theory considers the individual's perceived probability that his or her effort will result in a particular level of performance?

Accepted Answer

Expectancy theory, developed by Victor Vroom, is based on the premise that an individual's motivation to perform a certain action or achieve a certain outcome is a function of three key factors: expectancy, instrumentality, and valence. Expectancy refers to the individual's perceived probability that his or her effort will result in a particular level of performance. Therefore, option B is the correct answer to the question.

Question 15

Which theory most explicitly relies on emotions to explain employee motivation?

Accepted Answer

The Four-drive theory states that human beings are driven by four basic emotional needs, which are the drive to acquire, the drive to bond, the drive to comprehend, and the drive to defend. These drives are responsible for employee motivation and engagement.

Question 16

Expectancy theory mainly explains how employees:

Accepted Answer

Expectancy theory suggests that employees will put in different levels of work effort based on their expectations of performance and reward outcomes. This theory is based on the belief that individuals will make choices about their behavior and effort based on their expectations of the outcome. This means that if employees believe that their efforts will lead to higher performance and greater rewards, they will be more likely to work harder.

Question 17

Four-drive theory is based on the idea that:

Accepted Answer

Four-drive theory is based on the idea that the sources of employee needs are hard-wired. The four basic drives identified in the theory are the drive to acquire, drive to bond, drive to learn, and drive to defend, which are innate and universal human needs.

Question 18

Which drive in four-drive theory is reactive rather than proactive?

Accepted Answer

The drive to defend is reactive rather than proactive, as it is triggered by a perceived threat or challenge rather than being initiated by the individual's own goals or desires. The other drives in four-drive theory - drive to acquire, drive to learn, drive to bond, and drive for power - are all proactive drives that are initiated by the individual's own desires or motivations.

Question 19

Employee motivation tends to increase when people are assigned to jobs for which they are qualified and they receive coaching to improve their self-confidence.Both of these practices improve employee motivation by:

Accepted Answer

Assigning employees to jobs for which they are qualified and providing coaching to improve self-confidence increases E-to-P (Effort-to-Performance) expectancies, as employees believe that their efforts will lead to successful performance.

Question 20

Four-drive theory recommends:

Accepted Answer

Four-drive theory recommends that companies should provide sufficient rewards, learning opportunities, and social interaction at the same time. This approach aligns with the four fundamental drives of human behavior, which are drive to acquire, drive to bond, drive to comprehend, and drive to defend. By fulfilling these four drives simultaneously, companies can effectively motivate and engage their employees to achieve organizational goals.

Quiz 5: Foundations of Employee Motivation