Dispersing the Performance of Value Chain Activities to Many Different

Dispersing the performance of value chain activities to many different countries rather than concentrating them in a few country locations tends to be advantageous in all of the following situations, EXCEPT

A) when high transportation costs make it expensive to operate from central locations.
B) whenever buyer-related activities are best performed in locations close to buyers.
C) if diseconomies of large size exist, thereby making it more economical to perform an activity on a smaller scale in several different locations.
D) when it is desirable to hedge against (1) the risks of fluctuating exchange rates, (2) supply interruptions or (3) adverse political developments.
E) if resources retain their foreign contexts so there is competitive advantage over a broader domain.