Richard Hall,Jeffrey Pfeffer & Gerald R.Salancik are _____ who argue that situations generally place such strong constraints upon organizational leaders that it is virtually impossible for them to significantly affect the behavior of the organization.

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Richard Hall, Jeffrey Pfeffer & Gerald R. Salancik are contextualists who believe that the behavior of organizational leaders is significantly influenced by the situations they encounter. They argue that while leaders may have some influence, the constraints of the situation are so strong that it is virtually impossible for them to significantly affect the behavior of the organization.