Question 1

The Occupy movement,which began on Wall Street in New York and spread to other U.S.and Canadian cities,recognizes the disparity between the rich and the poor.Which of the following statements about U.S.wealth as of the year 2012 is NOT correct?
A) The top 1% of American households hold over one-third the nation's wealth.
B) The net worth of the top 1% is 288 times greater than the typical household's net worth.
C) The net worth of the top 1% compared to the typical household is the highest ratio on record.
D) The bottom 90% of income-earning households control half of all net worth.
E) 74% of U.S. wealth growth in recent years has gone to the top 5%.

Accepted Answer

This statement is not correct. In reality, the bottom 90% of income-earning households hold only 23% of the nation's wealth, according to a report by the Federal Reserve.

Question 2

Neoliberalism is a new form of the old economic liberalism laid out in Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations (1776).To Smith,economic liberalism encouraged free enterprise and competition,with the goal of generating profits.However,this meaning of liberal
A) is a Protestant ideology.
B) varies depending on whether it refers to politics in a Western or non-Western context.
C) has no implications for the relationship between economics and the state.
D) is a more accurate use of the term than the one Americans typically hear in current talk radio.
E) is different from the one typically used in current U.S. politics, in which liberal is the opposite of conservative.

Accepted Answer

The question is specifically asking about the meaning of "liberal" in the context of economics and politics, and how it relates to neoliberalism. Option E correctly states that the meaning of "liberal" in this context is different from the common usage in current U.S. politics, where it is often used as the opposite of "conservative." This distinction is important in understanding the ideology of neoliberalism, which emphasizes free market principles and limited government intervention in the economy.

Question 3

The Industrial Revolution did not begin in France,because the French domestic manufacturing system could produce satisfactorily without innovating.

Accepted Answer

The Industrial Revolution began in Britain, not France, partly because France's domestic manufacturing system was able to meet demand without the need for significant innovation or industrialization.

Question 4

The labels First World,Second World,and Third World represent a common,if ethnocentric,way of categorizing nations.First World refers to the democratic West,which is traditionally conceived of as being in opposition to a Second World ruled by
A) folk economic and political models.
B) primitive neoliberalism.
C) Communism.
D) dictators.
E) imperialism.

Accepted Answer

The Second World traditionally referred to nations that were under Communist rule during the Cold War era, which was seen as opposing the democratic West in the First World.

Question 5

Communism has two meanings,distinguished by how they are written.Small-c communism describes a social system in which property is owned by the community and in which people work for the common good.Large-C Communism
A) is just another version of neoliberalism but in disguise.
B) is an imperial doctrine to appropriate private capital for the sake of the survival of the state.
C) is Lenin's political theory of small-c communism.
D) refers to the social aspects of small-c communism.
E) was a political movement and doctrine seeking to overthrow capitalism and establish a form of communism such as that which prevailed in the Soviet Union (the USSR) from 1917 to 1991.

Accepted Answer

Large-C Communism refers to the political movement and doctrine seeking to overthrow capitalism and establish a form of communism such as that which prevailed in the Soviet Union (the USSR) from 1917 to 1991. This is distinct from small-c communism which refers to a social system where property is owned by the community and people work for the common good.

Question 6

According to Marx,the bourgeoisie is made up of the people who must sell their labor to survive.

Accepted Answer

According to Marx, the bourgeoisie are the owners of the means of production and capital, while the proletarians are the ones who must sell their labor to survive.

Question 7

________ is the term for the physical destruction of ethnic groups by murder,warfare,and introduced diseases.
A) Sociocide
B) Ethnocide
C) Biocide
D) Genocide
E) Patricide

Accepted Answer

Genocide is the deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural group. It can involve murder, warfare, and introduction of diseases, all of which lead to the physical destruction of the targeted group. Sociocide refers to the destruction of a society or culture, while ethnocide refers to the destruction of an ethnic group's culture and identity. Biocide is the elimination of all life forms, and patricide is the murder of one's father.

Question 8

In postsocialist Russia's initial changeover to capitalism,all of the following declined EXCEPT
A) the birth rate.
B) the poverty rate.
C) life expectancy.
D) the gross domestic product.
E) farm and industry subsidies.

Accepted Answer

In postsocialist Russia's initial changeover to capitalism, the poverty rate did not decline. In fact, it increased, leading to a significant rise in income inequality. The birth rate, life expectancy, gross domestic product, and farm and industry subsidies all declined during this period.

Question 9

In anthropology,history,and literature,the field of postcolonial studies has gained prominence since the 1970s.Postcolonial refers to
A) the study of the interactions between European nations and the societies they colonized.
B) the period succeeding the slave trade.
C) a moral stance toward oppressed peoples.
D) the study of social movements that, instead of rejecting colonialism, actually embraced it and transformed it for their own benefit.
E) an up-and-coming subfield in sociology.

Accepted Answer

Postcolonial studies is focused on the interactions between European nations and the societies they colonized, specifically examining the impacts of colonialism on culture, politics, and society. It emphasizes the voices and perspectives of formerly colonized peoples and challenges dominant narratives of history and literature.

Question 10

Marx argued that socioeconomic stratification was based on the sharp and simple division between the successful Protestant industrialists and the poor Catholic peasantry.

Accepted Answer

Marx did not argue that socioeconomic stratification was based on a simple division between Protestant industrialists and Catholic peasants. While he did recognize the role of religion in shaping society, he argued that class division was primarily driven by economic factors, such as ownership of the means of production and control over labor.

Question 11

The current world stratification system features a substantial contrast between capitalists and workers in the core nations,and workers on the periphery.

Accepted Answer

The world stratification system does indeed feature a substantial contrast between capitalists and workers in the core nations and workers on the periphery. This pattern is referred to as core-periphery differentiation and is a key aspect of the global economy. Capitalists in core nations tend to control the global economy and reap the benefits of it, while workers in peripheral nations often struggle to make a living.

Question 12

The seeds of industrial society were planted well before the 18^th century.For example,a knitting machine invented in England in 1589 was so far ahead of its time that it played a profitable role in factories two and three centuries later.

Accepted Answer

The statement accurately reflects the historical development of the knitting machine and its impact in later centuries.

Question 13

Sugar and cotton helped fuel the development of a capitalist world economy.

Accepted Answer

Sugar and cotton were two of the main crops produced through the system of plantation agriculture and slave labor in the Americas during the colonial period. These crops were in high demand in Europe and provided the economic basis for the early development of capitalism through the trade and exchange of goods and services. The profits from these crops helped establish the foundations of the capitalist world economy.

Question 14

As this chapter's "Appreciating Anthropology" segment notes,around the world many contemporary nations are repeating-at an accelerated rate-the process of resource depletion that started in Europe and the United States during the Industrial Revolution.Fortunately,however,
A) this resource depletion is very localized, since extractive enterprises have been using new technologies that completely eliminate negative externalities.
B) the money made from this resource depletion always benefits the host communities and countries.
C) resource depletion now is more than 80 percent sustainable.
D) today's world has some environmental watchdogs-many of them anthropologists-who did not exist during the first centuries of the Industrial Revolution.
E) anthropologists are increasingly being consulted prior to the start of new resource extraction projects.

Accepted Answer

Today's world has environmental watchdogs, many of whom are anthropologists who are able to monitor and expose instances of unsustainable resource depletion. This was not the case during the first centuries of the Industrial Revolution, making D the best choice. A, B, and C are not accurate as they present unrealistic or inaccurate claims about the current state of resource depletion. E is partially accurate but does not address the fact that anthropologists are not always consulted or given authority in decision-making processes surrounding resource extraction projects.

Question 15

Trade and other economic relations between core and periphery disproportionately benefit capitalists in the core.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true as capitalists in the core countries tend to have greater access to capital, technology, and resources which enables them to dominate trade and economic relations, leaving the periphery with less bargaining power and fewer benefits. This results in a disproportionate benefit for capitalists in the core.

Question 16

All of the following are true about neoliberalism EXCEPT that it
A) seeks to control costs by lowering wage expenses.
B) characterizes the type of policies designed by powerful international financial institutions.
C) has been spreading globally.
D) refers to a recent revival of economic liberalism.
E) is characterized by the policy that environmental protection and job safety are too important to be left unregulated.

Accepted Answer

Neoliberalism does not prioritize environmental protection and job safety regulations, but rather promotes free market and limited government intervention in the economy. The other options are true about neoliberalism.

Question 17

Who are indigenous peoples?
A) people who live in autonomous, independent nation-states
B) peasants who are of the same ethnicity as the ruling elite
C) original inhabitants of particular areas
D) any population living in a nation-state on the periphery of the world system
E) people who have emigrated to a new country

Accepted Answer

Indigenous peoples are the original inhabitants of a particular area. They have ancestral ties to the land and often have distinct cultures, languages, and ways of life that are historically and socially separate from those of the dominant society.

Question 18

This chapter's "Focus on Globalization" discusses outsourcing jobs to countries outside the United States.What is an outcome of this process?
A) decreased profits for U.S. corporations
B) an increase in union membership within the U.S.
C) corporations realizing the importance of workers' rights
D) fewer jobs in the U.S., as they are replaced by machines and outsourced jobs
E) more incentives for illegal immigration

Accepted Answer

Outsourcing jobs to countries outside the US leads to fewer jobs in the US as they are being replaced by machines and outsourced jobs. This is because labor is cheaper in other countries, and companies look for ways to cut costs, leading to job losses for Americans.

Question 19

According to Wallerstein,the nations in the world system can be classified into three types: core,periphery,and frontier.

Accepted Answer

According to Wallerstein, the nations in the world system can be classified into three types: core, periphery, and semi-periphery, not frontier.

Question 20

One consequence of the ongoing globalization of work and migration is that skilled Western workers must now compete against well-educated workers in such low-wage countries as India,where an experienced software programmer earns one-fifth the average salary of a comparable U.S.worker.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately reflects the reality of globalization where skilled workers from different regions of the world are now competing in the same job market. The example of a software programmer from India earning 1/5th of the salary of a comparable U.S. worker highlights the wage disparities that exist in the global labor market.

Quiz 23: The World System and Colonialism

The Occupy movement,which began on Wall Street in New York and spread to other U.S.and Canadian cities,recognizes the disparity between the rich and the poor.Which of the following statements about U.S.wealth as of the year 2012 is NOT correct?

Neoliberalism is a new form of the old economic liberalism laid out in Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations (1776) .To Smith,economic liberalism encouraged free enterprise and competition,with the goal of generating profits.However,this meaning of liberal

The Industrial Revolution did not begin in France,because the French domestic manufacturing system could produce satisfactorily without innovating.

The labels First World,Second World,and Third World represent a common,if ethnocentric,way of categorizing nations.First World refers to the democratic West,which is traditionally conceived of as being in opposition to a Second World ruled by

Communism has two meanings,distinguished by how they are written.Small-c communism describes a social system in which property is owned by the community and in which people work for the common good.Large-C Communism

According to Marx,the bourgeoisie is made up of the people who must sell their labor to survive.

________ is the term for the physical destruction of ethnic groups by murder,warfare,and introduced diseases.

In postsocialist Russia's initial changeover to capitalism,all of the following declined EXCEPT

In anthropology,history,and literature,the field of postcolonial studies has gained prominence since the 1970s.Postcolonial refers to

Marx argued that socioeconomic stratification was based on the sharp and simple division between the successful Protestant industrialists and the poor Catholic peasantry.

The current world stratification system features a substantial contrast between capitalists and workers in the core nations,and workers on the periphery.

The seeds of industrial society were planted well before the 18^th century.For example,a knitting machine invented in England in 1589 was so far ahead of its time that it played a profitable role in factories two and three centuries later.

Sugar and cotton helped fuel the development of a capitalist world economy.

As this chapter's "Appreciating Anthropology" segment notes,around the world many contemporary nations are repeating-at an accelerated rate-the process of resource depletion that started in Europe and the United States during the Industrial Revolution.Fortunately,however,

Trade and other economic relations between core and periphery disproportionately benefit capitalists in the core.

All of the following are true about neoliberalism EXCEPT that it

Who are indigenous peoples?

This chapter's "Focus on Globalization" discusses outsourcing jobs to countries outside the United States.What is an outcome of this process?

According to Wallerstein,the nations in the world system can be classified into three types: core,periphery,and frontier.

One consequence of the ongoing globalization of work and migration is that skilled Western workers must now compete against well-educated workers in such low-wage countries as India,where an experienced software programmer earns one-fifth the average salary of a comparable U.S.worker.

Quiz 23: The World System and Colonialism

The Occupy movement,which began on Wall Street in New York and spread to other U.S.and Canadian cities,recognizes the disparity between the rich and the poor.Which of the following statements about U.S.wealth as of the year 2012 is NOT correct?

Neoliberalism is a new form of the old economic liberalism laid out in Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations (1776) .To Smith,economic liberalism encouraged free enterprise and competition,with the goal of generating profits.However,this meaning of liberal

The Industrial Revolution did not begin in France,because the French domestic manufacturing system could produce satisfactorily without innovating.

The labels First World,Second World,and Third World represent a common,if ethnocentric,way of categorizing nations.First World refers to the democratic West,which is traditionally conceived of as being in opposition to a Second World ruled by

Communism has two meanings,distinguished by how they are written.Small-c communism describes a social system in which property is owned by the community and in which people work for the common good.Large-C Communism

According to Marx,the bourgeoisie is made up of the people who must sell their labor to survive.

________ is the term for the physical destruction of ethnic groups by murder,warfare,and introduced diseases.

In postsocialist Russia's initial changeover to capitalism,all of the following declined EXCEPT

In anthropology,history,and literature,the field of postcolonial studies has gained prominence since the 1970s.Postcolonial refers to

Marx argued that socioeconomic stratification was based on the sharp and simple division between the successful Protestant industrialists and the poor Catholic peasantry.

The current world stratification system features a substantial contrast between capitalists and workers in the core nations,and workers on the periphery.

The seeds of industrial society were planted well before the 18th century.For example,a knitting machine invented in England in 1589 was so far ahead of its time that it played a profitable role in factories two and three centuries later.

Sugar and cotton helped fuel the development of a capitalist world economy.

As this chapter's "Appreciating Anthropology" segment notes,around the world many contemporary nations are repeating-at an accelerated rate-the process of resource depletion that started in Europe and the United States during the Industrial Revolution.Fortunately,however,

Trade and other economic relations between core and periphery disproportionately benefit capitalists in the core.

All of the following are true about neoliberalism EXCEPT that it

Who are indigenous peoples?

This chapter's "Focus on Globalization" discusses outsourcing jobs to countries outside the United States.What is an outcome of this process?

According to Wallerstein,the nations in the world system can be classified into three types: core,periphery,and frontier.

One consequence of the ongoing globalization of work and migration is that skilled Western workers must now compete against well-educated workers in such low-wage countries as India,where an experienced software programmer earns one-fifth the average salary of a comparable U.S.worker.

The seeds of industrial society were planted well before the 18^th century.For example,a knitting machine invented in England in 1589 was so far ahead of its time that it played a profitable role in factories two and three centuries later.