Question 1

AIDS/HIV is nearly ____ more common in sub-Saharan Africa than in North America.

Accepted Answer

HIV/AIDS prevalence is significantly higher in sub-Saharan Africa compared to North America, with estimates suggesting it is around 12 times more common.

Question 2

Over time,definitions of deviant behavior have become:

Accepted Answer

The medicalization of deviant behavior refers to the trend in which behaviors that were once considered moral or social issues are now defined as medical problems. This shift has led to the labeling of individuals as mentally ill or in need of treatment rather than addressing the underlying social and economic factors that may contribute to their behavior.

Question 3

Scientific medicine came to dominate health care because:

Accepted Answer

All of the choices are true to some extent. Scientific medicine came to dominate health care because it was able to provide effective treatments for many diseases and medical conditions. This success allowed doctors to professionalize and gain recognition as the primary providers of health care. Additionally, many doctors were skeptical of alternative therapies and saw them as unscientific or even dangerous. However, in recent years there has been renewed interest in alternative approaches to medicine, and many doctors now recognize the value of combining traditional medical treatments with complementary therapies.

Question 4

Like all corporations,HMOs pursue strategies to keep their shareholders happy.Which of the following is NOT one of those strategies?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Like all corporations,HMOs pursue strategies to keep...

Question 5

In 1998,what percent of Americans agreed or strongly agreed that HMOs improve the quality of healthcare?

Accepted Answer

According to a poll conducted by the Pew Research Center in 1998, only 22 percent of Americans agreed or strongly agreed that HMOs improve the quality of healthcare.

Question 6

The ____ is composed of government-run programs that ensure access to clean drinking water,basic sewage and sanitation services,and inoculation against infectious diseases.

Accepted Answer

The public health system is specifically responsible for ensuring access to clean drinking water, basic sewage and sanitation services, and inoculation against infectious diseases. The other choices have broader or different focuses.

Question 7

Which is a type of social cause of illness and death?

Accepted Answer

All of the above are types of social causes of illness and death. Human-environmental factors can include exposure to pollutants, natural disasters, and unsafe living conditions. Lifestyle factors can include behaviors such as smoking, poor diet, and lack of exercise. Public health systems can impact access to healthcare and preventative measures. Health care systems can impact access to quality care and treatments.

Question 8

The American health care system invests enormous sums on research,development,the latest diagnostic equipment,and high salaries to attract many of the best medical researchers and practitioners in the world.This is possible because:

Accepted Answer

The American health care system invests enormous sums on research, development, and the latest diagnostic equipment because there are large profits to be made from health care in the United States. The high salaries for medical researchers and practitioners are also a result of the profitability of the industry. Government regulations may play a role in ensuring fair wages, but they do not necessarily keep salaries high or prevent them from becoming excessive.

Question 9

Strong belief in the effectiveness of a cure can by itself improve the condition of about one third of people who are suffering from chronic pain or fatigue.This is evidence of:

Accepted Answer

This is an example of the placebo effect, which occurs when a person's belief in a treatment's effectiveness leads to an improvement in their condition, even if the treatment itself is inert or has no therapeutic value. This phenomenon has been well-documented in clinical research and is often observed in studies of pain management and other chronic conditions.

Question 10

Which is considered a sociological reason for disparities in health inequality?

Accepted Answer

All of the above choices are considered sociological reasons for disparities in health inequality. The poor are more likely to be exposed to violence and engage in high-risk behavior, such as drug abuse, which can lead to health problems. Environmental hazards, such as pollution, are more prevalent in low-income neighborhoods. Lack of access to healthcare and knowledge about healthy lifestyles also contribute to health disparities. Therefore, all of the choices are valid sociological reasons for health inequality.

Question 11

What is life expectancy?

Accepted Answer

Life expectancy is defined as the average age at which the members of a population die. It is a statistical measure that gives an idea of how long a person can expect to live.

Question 12

The number of mental disorders recognized by the federal government in 1850,1975 and 1994 increased from:

Accepted Answer

The number of recognized mental disorders increased significantly over time, with 1 in 1850, 106 in 1975, and 297 in 1994, reflecting the expansion and refinement of psychiatric diagnoses.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a cause of gender inequality in health and health care?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT a...

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a reason for the increased number and scope of conditions labeled as "mental disorders"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT a...

Question 15

Which of the following are challenges to traditional medicine?

Accepted Answer

Holistic medicine and alternative medicine challenge traditional medicine by promoting the use of natural remedies, focusing on the whole person rather than just the symptoms, and incorporating practices that may not be considered mainstream. Patient activism also challenges traditional medicine by advocating for greater patient autonomy and involvement in healthcare decisions.

Question 16

When Talcott Parsons defined the sick role,he argued that:

Accepted Answer

All of these choices are part of Talcott Parsons' definition of the sick role. Illness suspends routine responsibilities, illness is not deliberate, people who play the sick role want to be well, and people who play the sick role must seek competent help and cooperate with health care practitioners at all times.

Question 17

President Clinton's 1993-94 Health Security proposal was defeated due to opposition from:

Accepted Answer

The answer of President Clinton's 1993-94 Health Security proposal was...

Question 18

The average age of death for a population under ideal conditions is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Maximum life expectancy is an estimate of the longest period of time that members of a population could live under the most favorable circumstances, without any limiting factors like diseases or accidents. It is a theoretical concept, as it assumes ideal conditions that may not be attainable in reality.

Question 19

Which is NOT an indicator of health inequality?

Accepted Answer

All the options listed (infant mortality, health expenditures, access to sanitary water supply, and number of nurses and midwives) are indicators of health inequality, as they reflect disparities in health outcomes and access to healthcare services among different populations.

Question 20

Which of the following is a consequence of the strategies that HMOs use to ensure profits and keep shareholders satisfied?

Accepted Answer

HMOs often try to minimize the cost of treating sick people they can't avoid covering as a way to ensure profits and keep shareholders satisfied. This can lead to consequences such as denying coverage or limiting access to necessary treatments and procedures. The other choices, increasing health care coverage, maintaining fixed health care coverage, and offering complete coverage for children and people with disabilities, are not necessarily consequences of HMOs' profit-seeking strategies.

Quiz 19: Health and Medicine