Question 1

The average number of children born to women of the same age over their lifetime is called the:

Accepted Answer

The total fertility rate (TFR) is the average number of children born to women of the same age over their lifetime. it is one of the most important demographic indicators, as it helps to determine a country's population growth rate and age distribution.

Question 2

No society can allow people to have sexual activity wherever,whenever,and with whomever they wanted because it would disrupt an orderly social life.This demonstrates that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of No society can allow people to have...

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of the five main functions of marriage?

Accepted Answer

The five main functions of marriage are sexual regulation, economic cooperation, reproduction, socialization, and emotional support. Political cooperation is not included in these functions.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a family function according to the functionalists?

Accepted Answer

Conflict with peer groups is not considered a primary function of families according to functionalists. The other choices - socialization, regulation of sexuality, economic cooperation, and emotional support - are all commonly recognized as important functions of families by functionalists.

Question 5

Conflict and feminist sociologists tend to believe that the proliferation of diverse family forms has benefited many men,women,and children and has not harmed other children as much as some functionalists think.They also believe that:

Accepted Answer

Conflict and feminist sociologists believe that economic and political reforms are necessary to support alternative family forms, such as providing affordable housing and access to healthcare, education, and childcare. They recognize that many families face economic and social challenges that require systemic changes, rather than individual solutions.

Question 6

Counter to Parsons's argument,in foraging societies socialization occurs largely in the:

Accepted Answer

In foraging societies, socialization primarily occurs within the band, which is a small, kin-based group that all members of the society are part of. This contrasts with Parsons's argument that emphasizes the family and institutional structures like education and religion in more complex societies.

Question 7

The family form in which there are at least two wives is known as:

Accepted Answer

Polygamy is the family form in which there are at least two spouses, most commonly two wives. The nuclear family refers to a family form consisting of two parents and their children. The extended family refers to a family form that includes parents, children, grandparents, and other relatives. The foraging family refers to a type of family structure in which people hunt and gather food for their survival. The traditional nuclear family refers to a family form consisting of a married couple and their children, with the husband as the primary breadwinner and the wife as the primary caregiver.

Question 8

According to Talcott Parsons,the "basic and irreducible" function of the family is:

Accepted Answer

Parsons emphasized the family's role in socialization, particularly in instilling societal norms and values in children, as a fundamental function.

Question 9

Investing in children -- caring for them physically,emotionally,intellectually,and psychologically -- is called:

Accepted Answer

The act of caring for a child physically, emotionally, intellectually, and psychologically can be identified as socialization. Socialization is the process by which individuals develop the values, attitudes, and behaviors that are typical of their society by interacting with other individuals in social institutions such as family, school, and peer groups. Investing in children means preparing them for their future roles in society and socialization is an essential part of this process.

Question 10

Conflict and feminist sociologists tend to believe that the decreasing prevalence of the traditional nuclear family and the proliferation of diverse family forms has benefited:

Accepted Answer

Conflict and feminist sociologists argue that the shift away from traditional nuclear families and towards a variety of family forms has offered benefits across the board, including for women, children, and men. This perspective suggests that these changes have allowed for more equitable relationships and roles within families, providing greater flexibility and opportunities for all members.

Question 11

Since the 1940s,functionalists have argued that the nuclear family is ideally suited for meeting required social tasks such as:

Accepted Answer

Functionalists argue that the nuclear family (two parents and their children) is ideally suited to meet all the social tasks listed, including reproduction, regulation of sexuality, economic cooperation, and emotional support. Therefore, all of these choices are the best answer.

Question 12

While there is a gendered division of labor in foraging societies,there is evidence that:

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that while there is still a gendered division of labor in foraging societies, it is not as strict as initially believed by Murdock and Parsons. Women often participate in hunting and gathering, and men also engage in childcare and domestic tasks. Therefore, the gender division of labor is less strict than previously thought.

Question 13

According to Murdock,there is a division of labor in marriage because women are ill prepared to accomplish certain physically demanding tasks.Men possess superior strength and specialize in physically difficult tasks.Which function of marriage does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

The division of labor in marriage based on physical abilities demonstrates economic cooperation, as it allows men and women to specialize in different tasks for the benefit of the family unit.

Question 14

Talcott Parsons noted that the nuclear family universally gives its members love,affection,and companionship.He called this:

Accepted Answer

Talcott Parsons identified that emotional support, including love, affection, and companionship, is a universal function of the nuclear family. This emotional support is critical for social stability and emotional development of its members, particularly children. Thus, option D, emotional support, is the best choice in this context. While other factors like sexual regulation, economic cooperation, reproduction, and socialization are also important functions of the family, they are not mentioned in this specific question.

Question 15

A mother has the primary child-rearing role,according to Parsons.She is the one who bears children,nurses them,and is most involved in their immediate and early development.Therefore,mothers play a(n):

Accepted Answer

Parsons referred to the mother's role as being primarily expressive, which is focused on nurturing and emotional support.

Question 16

Murdock defined a ____ as a socially approved,presumably long-term,sexual and economic union between a man and a woman.

Accepted Answer

Murdock defined marriage as a socially approved, long-term union between a man and a woman that encompasses both sexual and economic relationships. Hence, option C is the best choice.

Question 17

Trends in divorce,marriage,and childbearing show a gradual weakening of the nuclear family from the second half of the 1800s until the mid-1940s,and continued weakening after the 1950s.This means that the immediate post World War II period was:

Accepted Answer

Trends in divorce, marriage, and childbearing indicate a weakening of the nuclear family from the late 1800s through to the mid-1940s, which continued to weaken after the 1950s. This suggests that the immediate post-World War II period was an historical aberration, meaning it was a departure from the norm.

Question 18

The number of divorces that occur in a year for every 1,000 people in the population is the:

Accepted Answer

The divorce rate is the number of divorces that occur in a year for every 1,000 people in the population. It is an important measure of the state of families and marriages in a society. The other choices are not directly related to divorce rates.

Question 19

According to Parsons,the father's role in child rearing is known as a(n)____ role.

Accepted Answer

According to Parsons, the father's role in child rearing is known as an instrumental role which involves providing economic support for the family and ensuring discipline and order in the household. The expressive role, on the other hand, is typically associated with the mother's role in providing emotional support and nurturing for the children. Secondary, organizational, and emotive roles are not directly relevant to Parsons' theory of gender roles in families.

Question 20

When a family expands beyond to include more than two generations in the household,it is called a (n):

Accepted Answer

An extended family refers to a family structure where multiple generations, such as grandparents, parents, and children, live together in the same household or in close proximity to each other. Polygamy refers to a practice of having multiple spouses simultaneously, which may or may not include more than one generation in the household. Nuclear family refers to a family structure consisting of married parents and their children. Foraging family refers to a type of society characterized by hunting and gathering, while polyandrous family refers to a practice of having multiple husbands, which is uncommon in most societies.

Quiz 15: Families