Question 1

A dissolved substance that has the ability to either remove or add H⁺ and OH^- ions to resist pH changes is

Accepted Answer

A buffer is a solution that contains a weak acid and its corresponding base or a weak base and its corresponding acid. The presence of these compounds allows the buffer to resist changes in pH by removing or adding ions to the solution. Therefore, a buffer has the ability to remove or add H⁺ and OH^- ions to resist pH changes.

Question 2

Perhaps a better description of an organic compound is that an organic compound is any substance

Accepted Answer

An organic compound is defined as any substance that contains carbon, which is the distinguishing feature of organic chemistry. While many organic compounds are derived from living matter (choice A), not all of them are, and the same goes for substances found within a cell (choice C) or consumed by animals (choice D).

Question 3

Which of the following is the most abundant carbohydrate in the world?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is the most abundant carbohydrate in the world, it is a major component of plant cell walls and provides structural support to plant cells. Glycogen and fructose are not as abundant and are mainly found in animals and fruits, respectively. Glucose is a common carbohydrate but not as abundant as cellulose.

Question 4

Polysaccharide are polymers made up of which kind of monomers?

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharides are polymers made up of monomers called simple sugars or monosaccharides. Examples of polysaccharides include starch, glycogen, and cellulose.

Question 5

Which of the carbohydrates given below is a major component of the cuticle of arthropods (e.g.,insects,crayfish,etc.)?

Accepted Answer

Chitin is a complex carbohydrate that makes up the majority of the exoskeleton or cuticle of arthropods such as insects, spiders, and crustaceans. Starch, cellulose, and glycogen are not major components of the exoskeleton.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a steroid?

Accepted Answer

All of the choices listed are steroids.

Question 7

The three principal groups of lipids are neutral fats,phospholipids,and

Accepted Answer

The three principal groups of lipids are neutral fats, phospholipids, and steroids. Glycogen and amino acids are not lipids, and while fatty acids are a component of neutral fats and phospholipids, they do not represent a distinct group of lipids.

Question 8

Spontaneous generation was first proposed as

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous generation was first proposed as an explanation for the appearance of maggots and mice from rotting material, fish from leaves that fall into water, etc.

Question 9

Which of the lipid groups below is structurally unlike the others?

Accepted Answer

Steroids are structurally different from the other options because they are based on a core structure of four fused rings, unlike neutral fats, triglycerides (which are actually the same as neutral fats), and phospholipids, which are based on fatty acid chains.

Question 10

A solution that has a pH of 5 has

Accepted Answer

pH is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration (H+). A difference of 1 in pH indicates a tenfold difference in H+ concentration. Therefore, a solution with a pH of 5 has a hydrogen ion concentration of 10^-5 M. Since water has a neutral pH of 7, its hydrogen ion concentration is 10^-7 M. The difference between 10^-5 and 10^-7 equals 10^2, indicating that the solution with pH 5 has a concentration of H⁺ 100 times higher than water.

Question 11

Carbohydrates are categorized into

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are categorized based on their structures, consisting of monosaccharides (one sugar unit), disaccharides (two sugar units), and polysaccharides (multiple sugar units). This classification helps to understand their functions in the body, such as providing energy, structural support, and cell signaling. The other options provided are not accurate categorizations of carbohydrates.

Question 12

Which of the following is a "structural" carbohydrate molecule?

Accepted Answer

Structural carbohydrates are carbohydrates that provide support and rigidity to cells and tissues. Cellulose is a structural carbohydrate found in plant cell walls, while sucrose and glucose are energy storage carbohydrates. Glycogen is a storage carbohydrate found in animals.

Question 13

Pasteur's work with spontaneous generation showed that

Accepted Answer

Pasteur's work with spontaneous generation showed that broth did not ferment spontaneously but required contamination with organisms. He demonstrated that living organisms were responsible for the fermentation of broth and disproved the idea that life could arise spontaneously from non-living matter.

Question 14

Which of the following lipids forms a bilayer between two fluid regions,such as in the plasma membrane of a cell?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have a hydrophobic (non-polar) fatty acid tail and a hydrophilic (polar) phosphate head, which allows them to form a bilayer between two fluid regions, such as the plasma membrane of a cell. Steroids, waxes, and lipoproteins do not have this structure and function.

Question 15

Most organic molecules are associated with living organisms.Which of the following statements is NOT related to the general distinctions between these types of molecules?

Accepted Answer

All the statements provided offer distinctions or clarifications regarding what is typically considered an organic molecule versus inorganic compounds, without any of them being incorrect or unrelated to the general distinctions between these types of molecules.

Question 16

Which of the following carbohydrates is used in animal muscle and liver cells for energy storage?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is the carbohydrate used for energy storage in animal muscle and liver cells, whereas starch is used in plants, chitin is found in the exoskeleton of arthropods, and cellulose is used for structural support in plant cell walls.

Question 17

Neutral fats are

Accepted Answer

Neutral fats, also known as triglycerides, are made up of three fatty acids and one glycerol molecule. This combination creates a neutral, non-polar molecule that can be easily stored in adipose tissue for energy reserves.

Question 18

The hypothesis that simple chemicals may have naturally become complex macromolecules by natural physical forces was first proposed by

Accepted Answer

Alexander Oparin and J.B.S. Haldane independently proposed the hypothesis that simple chemicals could have naturally evolved into complex macromolecules through natural physical forces, laying the groundwork for the concept of abiogenesis.

Question 19

A dehydration synthesis reaction is also

Accepted Answer

A dehydration synthesis reaction involves the removal of a water molecule to form a new covalent bond between two molecules. This is also known as a condensation reaction. Option B is incorrect because hydrolysis is the opposite of dehydration synthesis, involving the addition of a water molecule to break a bond. Option C is incorrect because isomerism involves rearrangement of atoms within a molecule, which is not the case in dehydration synthesis. Option D is incorrect because some dehydration synthesis reactions do require enzymes to catalyze the reaction.

Question 20

Lipids are polymers made of which monomers?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are polymers made of fatty acids and glycerol. Glucose or modified glucose molecules are the monomers of carbohydrates, amino acids are the monomers of proteins, and alternating sugar and phosphate groups are the monomers of nucleic acids.

Quiz 2: The Origin and Chemistry of Life

A dissolved substance that has the ability to either remove or add H⁺ and OH^- ions to resist pH changes is

Perhaps a better description of an organic compound is that an organic compound is any substance

Which of the following is the most abundant carbohydrate in the world?

Polysaccharide are polymers made up of which kind of monomers?

Which of the carbohydrates given below is a major component of the cuticle of arthropods (e.g.,insects,crayfish,etc.) ?

Which of the following is NOT a steroid?

The three principal groups of lipids are neutral fats,phospholipids,and

Spontaneous generation was first proposed as

Which of the lipid groups below is structurally unlike the others?

A solution that has a pH of 5 has

Carbohydrates are categorized into

Which of the following is a "structural" carbohydrate molecule?

Pasteur's work with spontaneous generation showed that

Which of the following lipids forms a bilayer between two fluid regions,such as in the plasma membrane of a cell?

Most organic molecules are associated with living organisms.Which of the following statements is NOT related to the general distinctions between these types of molecules?

Which of the following carbohydrates is used in animal muscle and liver cells for energy storage?

Neutral fats are

The hypothesis that simple chemicals may have naturally become complex macromolecules by natural physical forces was first proposed by

A dehydration synthesis reaction is also

Lipids are polymers made of which monomers?

Quiz 2: The Origin and Chemistry of Life

A dissolved substance that has the ability to either remove or add H+ and OH- ions to resist pH changes is

Perhaps a better description of an organic compound is that an organic compound is any substance

Which of the following is the most abundant carbohydrate in the world?

Polysaccharide are polymers made up of which kind of monomers?

Which of the carbohydrates given below is a major component of the cuticle of arthropods (e.g.,insects,crayfish,etc.) ?

Which of the following is NOT a steroid?

The three principal groups of lipids are neutral fats,phospholipids,and

Spontaneous generation was first proposed as

Which of the lipid groups below is structurally unlike the others?

A solution that has a pH of 5 has

Carbohydrates are categorized into

Which of the following is a "structural" carbohydrate molecule?

Pasteur's work with spontaneous generation showed that

Which of the following lipids forms a bilayer between two fluid regions,such as in the plasma membrane of a cell?

Most organic molecules are associated with living organisms.Which of the following statements is NOT related to the general distinctions between these types of molecules?

Which of the following carbohydrates is used in animal muscle and liver cells for energy storage?

Neutral fats are

The hypothesis that simple chemicals may have naturally become complex macromolecules by natural physical forces was first proposed by

A dehydration synthesis reaction is also

Lipids are polymers made of which monomers?

A dissolved substance that has the ability to either remove or add H⁺ and OH^- ions to resist pH changes is